This work describes the production of two clinically relevant metal radioisotopes [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with a medical cyclotron by the irradiation of liquid targets. New results are presented for the implementation of this methodology in a fully automated system, using commercially available equipment. Liquid target solutions containing enriched [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] were loaded, bombarded and transferred to synthesis modules where a purified solution containing the desired radiometal is obtained and can then be used to further radiolabeling within only one hour after End-Of-Bombardment (EOB). Typical production runs using enriched material lead to the production of 5 GBq and 6 GBq (0.14 MBq/([Formula: see text]Ah ⋅ mg) and 1.5 MBq/([Formula: see text]Ah ⋅ mg)) of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]; although the technique can be used to obtain up to 25 GBq and 40 GBq, respectively, by simply scaling up the amount of the enriched material. Purified solutions containing [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] were obtained within 30 min after EOB and used to produce [Formula: see text]-ATSM and [Formula: see text]–DOTA–NOC, respectively, with quality parameters suitable for human use.
The DARWIN observatory is a proposed next-generation experiment to search for particle dark matter and for the neutrinoless double beta decay of 136 Xe. It will operate 40 t of natural xenon in a time projection chamber, thus containing about 3.6 t of 136 Xe. Here, we show that its projected half-life sensitivity is 2.4 × 10 27 yr, using a fiducial volume of 5 t of natural xenon and 10 yr of operation with a background rate of less than 0.2 events/(t • yr) in the energy region of interest. This sensitivity is based on a detailed Monte Carlo simulation study of the background and event topologies in the large, homogeneous target. DARWIN will be comparable in its science reach to dedicated double beta decay experiments using xenon enriched in 136 Xe.
Abstract. This proposal focus on the potential of the existing buildings upgrade process in achieving the 20-20-20 goals, as these are the biggest energy consumers, the most significant built area and the better placed buildings within our cities. These buildings frequently lack basic maintenance and need intervention, but include within themselves a vast amount of incorporated energy and centuries of construction knowledge. Beyond the advantages that may result from re-attracting people back into the city centre, upgrading these existing buildings can also have positive bounce-back effect on the reduction of the energy needs related to transportation, as demonstrated in studies that alert to the impact of the building sprawl in the total energy use. As "buildings account for 40 % of total energy consumption in the Union", the better performance of this sector has a significant role, remembering that "these requirements shall take account of general indoor climate conditions, in order to avoid possible negative effects such as inadequate ventilation, as well as local conditions and the designated function and the age of the building" [1]. The importance of "upgrading" the existing buildings resides on the fact that new buildings represent only approximately 1 or 2% of the total usable area, an estimate that is bound to decrease due to the current construction crisis. While the recent buildings tend to be more efficient, the numerous existing buildings are important stakeholders due to their massive consumptions and incorporated energy. The ongoing Annex 56 on "Energy & Greenhouse Gas Optimized Building Renovation" assumes that "Current standards do not respond effectively to the numerous constraints imposed by existing buildings and in many cases, the requirements result in very expensive measures and complex procedures, seldom accepted by occupants, owners or developers. It is then urgent for the new standards to respond to these constraints and to develop good practice guides that integrate appropriate, applicable and cost effective technologies (existing or emergent ones)" [2]. Many existing buildings that we still recognize assimilated the introduction of water networks and wastewater disposal, electricity and artificial lighting, new people and new uses. It is now time to help these buildings to embrace the XXI century revolution of smart cities while keeping our visible memory alive.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.