The cost of maintaining the construction fund in Ukraine is several times higher than in European countries. Given Ukraine's energy dependence, increasing the energy efficiency of housing is an extremely important issue. The greatest effect in the existing apartment buildings is achieved only in the case of integrated implementation of energy saving measures for fencing structures, utilities and equipment, and such projects require significant funds. To obtain funding from various investment funds and to be able to participate in state or local funding programs, it is necessary to perform an energy audit and justify energy saving measures, to assess the energy efficiency class of the building. For this purpose, an energy survey was performed using instrumental and analytical methods, as well as modeling of energy consumption in a specialized software product Audytor OZC. The geometric, thermal and energy characteristics of the building have been specified. To increase the level of energy efficiency, a set of measures is proposed, the possibilities of attracting investments for the implementation of energy efficiency measures are studied. The technical and economic analysis with use of engineering methods of calculation, experimental measurements, modeling is executed. According to modern requirements, a certificate of energy efficiency has been developed and the change of energy efficiency class in case of implementation of measures has been assessed. The result of the implementation of measures will be a reduction in the total consumption of energy resources, as well as the cost of paying for them, improving the conditions of the microclimate. Social aspect: participation in the investment project will allow residents to gain practical experience in implementing various projects in compliance with norms and procedures, increase consumer awareness of improving the condition of the building, energy efficiency and opportunities to reduce environmental impact.
Given the energy dependence of our state, the rational use of resource potential is a strategic direction for the development of the Ukrainian economy. Increasing energy efficiency is an important condition for the successful implementation of climate policy. The modern market of energy efficient services requires a significant number of trained specialists in the field of energy audit, energy management, energy consumption management, energy efficiency certification, heat and electrical engineering, process automation in industry and housing and communal services. In 2021, the Educational and Scientific Institute of Energy Saving and Energy Management (NN IEE) Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute Igor Sikorsky, since 1997 heir to the Faculty of Mining (GF), the Faculty of Mining Electromechanics and Automation (FGEMA), the Faculty of Mining Technology (GTF), celebrated 75 years since its founding. And already in the current 2022, we have another significant and pleasant event – 25 years of the creation of the specialty «Energy Management». By a joint order of the Ministry of Education and the State Committee for Energy Saving of Ukraine (No. 137/45 dated May 07, 1997), IEE was defined as the basis for training specialists in this specialty. The article reflects the main stages of the formation and development of the institute, scientific achievements, the contribution of the team to the training and advanced training of personnel and educational activities in the field of energy efficiency. NN IEE, as the founder of the «Energy Management» specialty, has gone through a long path of formation and development. ІЕЕ prepares students according to the educational programs «Energy Management and Energy-Efficient Technologies», «Systems of Supplying Consumers with Electric Energy».
The cost of thermal energy production is constantly growing, on average, tariffs in the regions of Ukraine have tripled in recent years. The component of payment for heating in utility costs is the main one for most apartment buildings, but due to the peculiarities of district heating systems, residents do not have an impact on heat consumption, and there is a problem of uneven heat distribution: some rooms are overheated, others unheated. The normative documents of Ukraine indicate the installation of metering and regulation of energy consumption as one of the main measures to increase the level of energy efficiency of buildings. Modernization of heating engineering systems with the installation of thermostats and heat distributors is one of the most discussed energy saving measures at the general meeting of condominiums, which is of interest to most residents of buildings in operation. Experience shows that after the installation of such devices, the consumption of thermal energy by buildings is reduced, which leads to a reduction in heating costs. The relevance of the topic of this article is to study modern methods of individual distribution of thermal energy in apartment buildings, in particular in houses with a vertical heating system. The object of the study is an existing apartment building in Kyiv, where, starting in 2019, thermal energy distributors were put into operation. The subject of the study is the methods of heat distribution between apartments and the analysis of the practical results of the implementation of such a project in the existing serial building in Kyiv. The following research tasks were set: collection of general information about thermal energy distributors, their types and principles of operation; analysis of the current regulatory framework regarding the problem of individual accounting of thermal energy; analysis of the method of heat energy distribution adopted in Ukraine with identification of the main problems that arise during its application; analysis of practical results of thermal energy distribution in an apartment building in Kyiv.
There are many approaches to assessing the energy performance of buildings. In Ukraine, previously, when developing the energy passport of buildings, a method based on stationary calculations using degree-days of the heating period was used. Then, for the tasks of energy certification of buildings, a national calculation method based on the monthly quasi-stationary method was introduced. The simplified hourly method of calculation allows to consider thermal inertia of protections. In recent years, the methods of dynamic energy modeling using software packages have become increasingly relevant, because it allows at the preliminary design stage to estimate energy costs for different building needs before and after the implementation of energy efficiency projects and provides the ability to create 3D models based on geometric and thermal parameters, tasks of different configurations and types of engineering systems of the building. To build an energy model, a training building was chosen to determine energy consumption indicators and identify measures that have the greatest impact on the energy performance of the building.Purpose. Evaluation of energy characteristics of the educational building of a higher education institution with modeling of energy consumption in specialized software, technical and economic evaluation of opportunities to increase energy efficiency.Research methods. Energy inspection of the object of research and technical and economic analysis with the use of engineering methods of calculation, experimental measurements of the parameters of the microclimate of the building with the use of laboratory equipment were performed. Simulations are used in specialized software products RETScreen, EnergyPlus, DesignBuilder.Result. With the help of the developed models the structure of energy consumption of the educational building is obtained and the assessment of energy saving potential is carried out; in case of implementation of the proposed measures it is expected to reduce the consumption of energy resources and monetary costs for their payment, as well as improve the quality of educational services. The research was conducted as part of a master's thesis.Scientific novelty. The technical potential of this software for modeling the energy performance of a building of complex configuration on the example of the educational building of the educational institution, analyzed the methods of processing initial data for programs, comparative analysis of calculation results for the actual condition of the building, baseline and after implementing energy saving measures.Practical significance. As a result of the research, the potential of using different software packages to perform applied research of the master's dissertation was determined and a project of complex thermal modernization of the building of the educational building was developed.
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