Dental caries is a major concern effecting most of the individuals today. Statistics show that 69% of adults aged 35 to 44 years have lost permanent tooth due to accident, gum disease failed root canal or tooth decay. Dental plaque is a general term for the diverse microbial community found on tooth surface, embedded in matrix of polymers of bacteria. Nanoparticles considered being of a size not greater than 100 nm have unique properties to combat infection. Nanocomposite is a matrix to which nanoparticles have been added to improve a particular property of the material. The present study deals with the antimicrobial studies of nanocomposite preparations of Titanium dioxide and Zinc oxide. Titanium dioxide and Zinc oxide nanocomposites are found to be effective in inhibiting the growth of bacteria. The present work is to prepare different proportions of nanocomposites of these oxides and find out if the effectivity is more when compared to using the nanoparticle alone. Some nanocomposite materials have been shown to be 1000 times tougher than the bulk component materials. The study carried out shows that the antimicrobial activity of nanocomposites is more effective than the nanoparticle alone providing best alternative to dental implant surgery.

Industrialization has revolutionized the quality of life but also led to the increase in environmental pollution in the form of industrial waste. The effluents released from the industries include toxic compounds which get accumulated in soil and persist for years if not treated properly. These persisting, nondegradable compounds include the heavy metals which are mostly released into the soil from electronic industries in the form of E-waste. Electronic industries are the fast growing industries and the amount of the waste released from them is considerably high. Most of the electronic goods are made of heavy metals like Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), etc., of which Lead is an important metal found in most of the electronic goods which is highly toxic. The metal leaches into the soil if not processed properly and leads to contamination of soil thereby affecting the lives of flora and fauna on earth. To prevent this the present study focused on the use of nanotechnology in the removal of Lead from contaminated soils. Magnetite nanoparticles are used for Lead adsorption. The unique property of high affinity of magnetite nanoparticles towards cations enables a better adsorption of Lead by the nanoparticles.The current study focuses on the application of Magnetite nanoparticles in reducing Lead toxicity by adsorption technique. The nanoparticles exhibited a higher rate of metal removal upto 2500ppm. X ray diffraction study revealed the size of the magnetite nanoparticle to be 4.3nm. The structure of the nanoparticle was determined by Scanning electron Microscope and Transmission electron microscope.Index Terms-Magnetite nanoparticles, metal adsorption, and adsorption isotherm.

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Aim: Dental caries occurs as a result of acid produced by bacteria which destroys the enamel and underlying dentin. A study was carried out to isolate microorganisms that cause dental caries in patients belonging to different age groups and find out the antimicrobial activity of various toothpastes against them. Study Design: Collection of samples for isolation of caries causing organisms, to identify them using biochemical tests and test the activity of herbal toothpastes against them. Place and duration of study: Samples were collected from Krish Multispeciality Clinic and Prashanth Dental Clinic, Nagole between June’2016 – December’2017 and worked on, at Microbiology Department, St. Francis College for women, Hyderabad. Methodology: Ten samples of each age group from 10-20 yrs., 20-40 yrs. and 40-60 yrs. were isolated. The organisms were identified by carrying out various biochemical tests according to Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology and molecular characterization    based on 16s rRNA typing. Identified organisms were used to test the antimicrobial activity   of herbal toothpastes by employing agar well diffusion method. ANOVA is used for statistical analysis. Results and Conclusion: Patanjali herbal products like Dantkanti are gaining lot of importance and have become a part of life of common man because of their effectivity. Our studies revealed that out of the various toothpastes tested, Patanjali toothpaste had good antimicrobial activity against all the isolates. On comparative analysis of f-ratio and P significant value (< .05.) of all pairs, it is observed that Patanjali has good antimicrobial activity against all isolates tested. The efficacy of Meswak is almost similar to that of Patanjali.

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of chemical method of oral hygiene practice, chlorhexidine (CHX) disinfection, and the followed consumption of probiotics on oral malodor in children. The effects of chemical and mechanical oral hygiene practice methods on the intensity of oral malodor were also evaluated. Materials and Methods: Organoleptic test (OLT) scores of 2 or more of 196 children were randomly allocated to four groups: 1: Conventional oral hygiene practices (COH) including flossing and tooth brushing, 2: COH + tongue scraping (TS), 3: COH + TS + CHX, and 4: COH + TS + CHX + probiotics. OLT was performed at 1-week and 3-month follow-ups. Results: A stable and significant number of individuals showed crucial and average levels of improvement in Group 4 OLT scores. The improvement of Group 3 OLT scores was also remarkable but not steady over the follow-ups. Neither remarkable nor steady improvements in the OLT scores was detected in Groups 1 and 2 through follow-ups. Conclusion: Oral disinfection followed by probiotic therapy with CHX may decrease the severity of oral malodor over a long period of time.

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A marked reduction in uptake of α-santonin, accompanied by loss of ability of cells to transform the substrate, is observed on shocking Sphingomonas paucimobilis strain S ATCC 43388 cells by freeze -thaw method. The shock fl uid shows a 26% quench in fl uorescence at 350nm on incubation with the substrate. Addition of shock fl uid to the freeze thawed cells restores both uptake as well as transformation of α-santonin to near normal.