Medical imaging includes different modalities and processes to visualize the interior of human body for diagnostic and treatment purpose. However, one of the most common degradations in medical images is their poor contrast quality and noise. The existence of several objects and the close proximity of adjacent pixels values make the diagnostic process a daunting task. The idea of image enhancement techniques is to improve the quality of an image. In this study, morphological transform operation is carried out on medical images to enhance the contrast and quality. A disk shaped mask is used in Top-Hat and Bottom-Hat transform and this mask plays a vital role in the operation. Different types and sizes of medical images need different masks so that they can be successfully enhanced. The method shown in this study takes a mask of an arbitrary size and keeps changing its size until an optimum enhanced image is obtained from the transformation operation. The enhancement is achieved via an iterative exfoliation process. The results indicate that this method improves the contrast of medical images and can help with better diagnosis.
This work represents the performance evaluation of DS-CDMA in a Rayleigh fading environment. Performance analysis was carried out for a DS-CDMA system to evaluate the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) and bit error rate (BER) for different modulation schemes like ASK, PSK and FSK. Results were evaluated at different data rates and were presented in terms of SNR, SIR and BER. Computer simulation was also carried out by using Matlab to evaluate the signal waveforms with and without addition white Gaussian noise (AWGN). Butterworth filtered waveform was given to get better signal quality. Decoded output waveforms were also evaluated to confirm the simulation.
To identify the potential groundwater bearing zones for future groundwater resources development of the study area, an investigation has been made using lithology, groundwater monitoring and elevation data. The stratigraphic cross-sections of the area reveal six distinct hydrostratigraphic features viz. clay-silt-sand, fine sand, fine to medium sand, medium sand, medium to coarse sand and coarse sand. On the basis of lithological information, the groundwater bearing zone of the area has been divided into two main hydrostratigraphic units viz. aquitard and aquifer, which consist of clay-silt-sand and sands of different grain sizes respectively. The aquifer zone is further divided into two categories: "small scale aquifer" made dominantly of fine and "main aquifer" comprising of fine-medium to coarse sand. The annual fluctuation of water table in the study area is observed from 4.9 m to 5.6 m. The area is demarcated as three different groundwater bearing zones based on Catastrophe theory using GIS.
The cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The CoFe2O4 nanoparticles coated with biocompatible chitosan at different concentrations to produce homogeneous suspensions were also characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and hyperthermia set-up. XRD data of the sample explored the particle size near about 7 nm in as-dried condition. TEM micrograph of bare CoFe2O4 nanoparticles provided the particle size nearly too about 8 nm which is in good agreement with the XRD data. This particle size after coating with chitosan became 14 nm. EDX results of this sample confirmed its nano dimension with spinel structure. VSM results of the sample in as-dried condition showed the ferromagnetic character which has been beyond proved by Mössbauer spectroscopy. The hydrodynamic diameter (Hd) and polydispersity index (PDI) of the chitosan-coated samples also provided promising results. The samples were tested for their induction heating properties with an RF magnetic field of 20 mT and a frequency of 342 kHz. We also studied therapeutic efficiency in-vitro on 9L gliosarcoma cancer cells, which revealed > 98% of mortality through hyperthermia protocol with the same RF field and frequency using chitosan-coated CoFe2O4nanoparticles.
GUB JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol 7, Dec 2020 P 69-75
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