The purpose of this study is to improve the cooling of brake disc by modifying the wheel rim by fitting it with an axial ventilator. The orientation angle of these blades in axial ventilator is varied between 0 and 10. The numerical investigation is carried out using commercial CFD code ANSYS Fluent. The pressure difference induced in 5 model is maximum leading to a better air flow through the wheel rim resulting with enhanced cooling of the brake disc. The 5 model reduced the brake disc temperature from 450C to 207.84C which is nearly 54%. The surface heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number of 5 model is found to be maximum. The resulting improvement in heat dissipation enhances the performance and hence the lifetime of the brake disc. Therefore, the wheel rim with axial ventilator 5 model is found to the suitable configuration so as to achieve enhanced convective cooling of brake disc.
Aircraft undergoes various low-velocity impacts such as bird strike, runway debris, foreign tools drop, etc. on its structure. Kevlar is widely used in several components and structure of the aircraft as Kevlar is an organic fiber from an aromatic polyamide family. Carbon fiber has advantages like high stiffness and properties like that of kevlar. The present study focuses on the analysis of low-velocity impact properties of kevlar 149-carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite material. In this analysis, kevlar 149-carbon fiber, pure kevlar 149 by 10 layers of laminate and pure carbon fiber by 10 layers of laminate are impacted by ball material with a mass of 8g at velocity of 9m/s. The ball impact on the laminate is simulated using LS-DYNA. The max. principal stress, absorbed energy, velocity and displacement of K149C, CK149, KK149CC, CCKK149, KK149 and CC are obtained and compared with all the six composite laminates. The composite laminate, K149C, proves to be the best laminate for aircrafts as it possesses a higher max. principal stress and lower displacement.
Aircraft goes through various high-speed hindrances like bird attacks, etc. Kevlar is increasingly used in the aviation industry to overcome such hindrances. Kevlar, an organic fibre from the family of aromatic polyamides consists of Kevlar 29, Kevlar 129, Kevlar 49 and Kevlar 149. This paper focuses on the use of Kevlar 29 and Kevlar 129 due to its low stiffness in comparison with Kevlar 49 and Kevlar 149. When pure Kevlar 29 and Kevlar 129 with 20 layers each are impacted with a 9g bullet at 900m/s velocity, the bullet perforates the laminate completely. Hence, the Kevlar layers are reinforced with graphene nanoplates. The bullet impact simulation of the ‘single-layer Kevlar 29 reinforced with single-layer graphene nanosheet’ (K29G), ‘single layer Kevlar 129 reinforced with single-layer graphene nanosheet’ (K129G), ‘double layer Kevlar 29 reinforced with double-layer graphene nanosheets’ (KK29GG) and ‘double layer Kevlar 129 reinforced with double-layer graphene nanosheets’ (KK129GG) is carried out using LS-DYNA. Maximum principal stress, effective stress, absorbed energy and displacement of the composite laminates (K29G, K129G, KK29GG and KK129GG) are used to compare the performance of these four laminates in the targeted applications. Due to its higher maximum principal stress, effective stress and lower displacement, the composite laminate K29G proves to be the apt laminate for its usage in aircrafts.
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