Background: Gammapathies is one of long term complication of chronic HCV Infection B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases produced by a clonal proliferation of plasma cells producing a unique immunoglobulin are known as monoclonal gammopathies. Their clinical spectrum includes monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and overt multiple myeloma. Aim of Study:The present study aimed to examine the prevalence, characteristics, and predictors of gammopathies in Egyptian patients with chronic HCV infection.Patients and Methods: This study conducted a prospective cohort study on patients with bilateral baggy lower eyelids who underwent traditional lower blepharoplasty with fat excision or fat-sparing technique using the orbital septal plication method. Results:The study was performed on 40 patients (20 patients per group). The right medial OGS showed a significant reduction in the fat-sparing and traditional groups ( p<0.001, each). However, the percentage of reduction was significantly higher in the fat-sparing group (35.8 ± 2.8 versus 14.6±3.4 in the traditional groups; p<0.001). Likewise, the left medial OGS showed a significant reduction in the fat-sparing and traditional groups (p<0.001, each). The percentage of reduction was significantly higher in the fat-sparing group (35.9 ±2.9 versus 14.7±3.3 in the traditional groups; p<0.001). Both left and right-sided central and lateral OGS showed a significant reduction in the fat-sparing and traditional groups ( p<0.001, each). However, the percentage of reduction was significantly higher in the fat-sparing group ( p<0.001, each). Conclusion:In conclusion, the prevalence of polyclonal gammopathy was higher in patients with chronic HCV compared with monoclonal, which is reported to be related to old age. Patients with gammopathy were associated with anemia, altered coagulation profile, high alfa-fetoprotein, low albumin level, and leukocytosis. Enlarged spleen, male gender, WBCS <5.000cc/mm 3 , and platelets below 120.000 are significant predictors of gammopathy in patients with chronic HCV.

Background: Ultrasound plays a crucial role in the noninvasive evaluation of chronic HCV patients, particularly in limited resources setting where it can provide an easy-to-use and cheap imaging modality. Ultrasound can evaluate the liver size, texture, liver edge, hepatic parenchyma, presence of liver nodules, and hepatic vascularity, as well as the affection of spleen and venous supply. In most hepatic centers, ultrasound is a part of the routine evaluation of chronic HCV to evaluate the stage of disease and the severity of fibrosis. The present study assessed the frequency of abnormal ultrasonographic findings in Egyptian patients with chronic HCV infection. Aim of Study:This study assessed the fruency of abnormal ultrasonographic findings in Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Patients and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on HCV patients presented to the Cairo University hospitals through the period from July 2014 to July 2015. All examinations were performed by the same operator.Results: Three hundred patients were included in the present study. The mean age of the included patients was 48.1 ± 13 years old and nearly 60% of the patients were males.Overall, the prevalence of abnormal ultrasound findings during abdominal examination was 60.7% (n=180). Besides, 20% of the patients had enlarged spleen, with an average size of 13.9±3cm. Conclusion:In conclusion, our findings highlight the high prevalence of abnormal ultrasound findings amongst Egyptian patients with chronic HCV. We found that more than 60% of the chronic HCV patients had variable degree of abnormalities during abdominal ultrasound findings. Thus, ultrasound examination should be implemented as routine investigation during evaluation of chronic HCV patients, which can provide an easy-to-use, reliable, and cheap modality in limited settings.