Relevance. Active mass vaccination of the population against a new COVID-19 is being carried out on the territory of the Russian Federation, which is recognized as a priority strategy for the country's healthcare for the near and long-term periods. One of the main risk groups that are subject to priority vaccination is medical workers. Aims. To evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination of medical organizations ' employees against COVID-19 based on the results of a 6-month prospective follow-up. Materials and methods. The observation group consisted of 356 employees of a medical organization who were vaccinated against with the drug «Gam-Covid-Vac» from December 2020 to April 2021. The effectiveness of vaccination of employees was evaluated by the coefficient of IgG positivity to SARS-CoV-2 by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay 3 weeks after the first administration and 3-4 weeks after the second administration of the vaccine and then 1 time per month. Employees who were revaccinated after 5-6 months. After the initial vaccination, they were examined 10-14 days after the introduction of the first component «Gam-Covid-Vac». A total of 1921 serum samples were studied. A specific T-cell immune response was determined in two study participants without seroprotection after administration of two components of the «Gam-Covid-Vac» vaccine and eight employees with the elimination of IgG antibodies 4-5 months after vaccination using ELISPOT technology. In addition, 92 blood serum samples of 32 employees from the observation group were examined for specific antibodies to adenovirus by indirect enzyme immunoassay.From December 2020 to June 2021, the study participants were subjected to dynamic clinical observation, once a week they were examined by PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in smears from the pharynx and nose (a total of 5696 samples). Results. After the completed course of immunization, the formation of both a humoral (in 99.4% of cases) and cellular immune response (100% among the studied samples) was confirmed. In the next 6 months after vaccination, cases of coronavirus infection were registered in 4.8% of those vaccinated, including 1 person -in the first month after vaccination and 16 -3-5 months after vaccination. In all cases, the disease occurred in the form of an acute respiratory infection of mild or moderate severity and was characterized by a shorter period of virus isolation compared to similar data on the persistence of the virus in unvaccinated patients (15 days in vaccinated compared to 22 days in unvaccinated). It was found that the presence of immunity to adenovirus infection during vaccination with the drug «Gam-Covid-Vac» did not affect the possibility of forming an immune response to COVID-19. In the group of persons re-vaccinated with the first component of «Gam-Covid-Vac» after 5-6 months. after the initial vaccination, an immune response was received during the follow-up period. Conclusion. Thus, according to the results of the study, a high immunological and epidemiological effectiveness of vaccinati...
Objective: The aim of the study was to assess non-professional risk factors for COVID-19 infection in medical workers and predictors of the development of severe clinical forms of the disease.Methods: The authors developed two online questionnaires to analyze the features of the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 and the impact of various risk factors on the employees of the Ministry of Defense. Questionnaires were filled out by 366 medical workers who had previously had a new coronavirus infection, and 306 employees who were intact for this disease.Results: When assessing the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection, it was found that factors such as irregular preventive intake of vitamin D and multivitamins increased the risk of infection of employees of the Ministry of Defense by 1.5-2 times. The majority of employees (281 or 76.8%) suffered the disease in the form of acute respiratory infection (ARI) of mild or moderate severity, 23.2% (85 people) had a lesion of the pulmonary parenchyma in the form of interstitial pneumonia. The most severe clinical forms of COVID-19 occurred in employees in the age group older than 40 years, with a body mass index corresponding to overweight (more than 25.0), having chronic diseases of the genitourinary system, diabetes mellitus, and low physical activity.Conclusions: According to the results of the conducted study, the main clinical manifestations of the new coronavirus infection among medical workers, their severity in various forms of the disease, the leading non-professional risk factors for infection and predictors of the development of more severe clinical forms of COVID-19 were determined.
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