Graphene oxide (GO) represents a complex family of materials related to graphene: easy to produce in large quantities, easy to process, and convenient to use as a basis for further...

We present characterization of a lock-in amplifier based on a field programmable gate array capable of demodulation at up to 50 MHz. The system exhibits 90 nV/ √ Hz of input noise at an optimum demodulation frequency of 500 kHz. The passband has a full-width half-maximum of 2.6 kHz for modulation frequencies above 100 kHz.Our code is open source and operates on a commercially available platform.

Graphene and graphene nanoplatelets can be functionalised via a gas-phase thermochemical method; the approach is versatile, readily scalable, and avoids the introduction of additional defects by exploiting existing sites.