The present work reports an experimental observation of thermal entanglement in a clusterized spin chain formed in the compound Na2Cu5Si4O14. The presence of entanglement was investigated through two measured quantities, an Entanglement Witness and the Entanglement of Formation, both derived from the magnetic susceptibility. It was found that pairwise entanglement exists below ∼ 200 K. Tripartite entanglement was also observed below ∼ 240 K. A theoretical study of entanglement evolution as a function of applied field and temperature is also presented.
The control of quantum correlations in solid state systems by means of material engineering is a broad avenue to be explored, since it makes possible steps toward the limits of quantum mechanics and the design of novel materials with applications on emerging quantum technologies. In this context, this Letter explores the potential of molecular magnets to be prototypes of materials for quantum information technology. More precisely, we engineered a material and from its geometric quantum discord we found significant quantum correlations up to 9540 K (even without entanglement); and, in addition, a pure singlet state occupied up to around 80 K (above liquid nitrogen temperature). These results could only be achieved due to the carboxylate group promoting a metal-to-metal huge magnetic interaction. Keywords: Quantum discord, Geometric correlations, Molecular magnetsQuantum entanglement has received a considerable attention as a remarkable resource for quantum information processing [1][2][3]. In spite of that, it is fragile and can easily vanish due to the inevitable interaction of the system with its environment [4]; and due to this condition, it was thought that entanglement could only exist at low temperatures. However, recently, it has been shown that entanglement can also exist at higher temperatures, and can be detected through the measurement of some thermodynamic observables [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].Nevertheless, quantum entanglement does not encompass all quantum correlations in a system and recent studies have greatly expanded the notion of quantum correlations [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]; and the measure of quantum excess of correlations has been named as quantum discord [19][20][21]. In the last years, it was understood that quantum discord has an important role in many quantum information processing even without entanglement. Notably, this quantity can also detect quantum phase transitions [25,30,31].Despite much effort by the scientific community, there are only a few results on the analytical expression of quantum discord; and only for a certain class of states an exact solution is known [23-27, 32, 33]. This fact stimulated alternative measurements of quantum discord, theoretically and experimentally [22,24,29,[34][35][36]. The recent demonstration that quantum discord can be measured by the thermodynamic properties of solids, such as magnetic susceptibility, internal energy [35][36][37], specific heat [35,36] and even neutron scattering data [22], shows that quantum correlations can be related to significant macroscopic effects allowing the measurement and the control of quantum correlations in solid state systems by means of material engineering. Thus, the design of novel materials becomes an actual challenge to overcome.In this direction, molecular magnets can be an excellent opportunity to achieve this goal as prototypes of materials for quantum information technology. They combine classical properties, found in any macroscopic magnet, with quantum one...
The inverse magnetocaloric effect occurs when a magnetic material cools down under applied magnetic field in an adiabatic process. Although the existence of the inverse magnetocaloric effect was recently reported experimentally, a theoretical microscopic description is almost nonexistent. In this paper we theoretically describe the inverse magnetocaloric effect in antiferro- and ferrimagnetic systems. The inverse magnetocaloric effects were systematically investigated as a function of the model parameters. The influence of the Néel and the compensation temperature on the magnetocaloric effect is also analyzed using a microscopic model.
There is a growing interest in understanding how size‐dependent quantum confinement affects the photoluminescence efficiency, excited‐state dynamics, energy‐transfer and thermalization phenomena in nanophosphors. For lanthanide (Ln3+)‐doped nanocrystals, despite the localized 4f states, confinement effects are induced mostly via electron–phonon interactions. In particular, the anomalous thermalization reported so far for a handful of Ln3+‐doped nanocrystals has been rationalized by the absence of low‐frequency phonon modes. This nanoconfinement may further impact on the Ln3+ luminescence dynamics, such as phonon‐assisted energy transfer or upconversion processes. Here, intriguing and unprecedented anomalous thermalization in Gd2O3:Eu3+ and Gd2O3:Yb3+,Er3+ nanotubes, exhibiting up to one order of magnitude larger than previously reported for similar materials, is reported. This anomalous thermalization induces unexpected energy transfer from Eu3+ C2 to S6 crystallographic sites, at 11 K, and 2H11/2 → 4I15/2 Er3+ upconversion emission; it is interpreted on the basis of the discretization of the phonon density of states, easily tuned by varying the annealing temperature (923–1123 K) in the synthesis procedure, and/or the Ln3+ concentration (0.16–6.60%).
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