Aims: To determine superior cross combination between QPM and tester (normal maize) genotypes in protein, tryptophan and lysine content so to enhanced protein content in locally adopted Maize Varieties (Tester) through Line X Tester method aimed in reducing protein deficiency in the study area and sub-Saharan Africa at large. Study Design: Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates and two border rows were used at the end of each replicate to minimize the border effect. Twenty-four 24 (12 x 2) crosses combinations were recovered through the Line X Tester Mating Method. Place and Duration of Study: Field trial was conducted at Jega Teaching and Research farm of Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero (KSUSTA), Kebbi State Nigeria, during 2018 and 2019 rainy seasons. Methodology: Experimental material comprised twelve quality protein maize (QPM) (female parents), two testers (male parents or normal maize) with diverse genetic base and one check for comparison (CML312/CML442 tester A and CML202/CML395 tester B and one check Yar acre C) were grown. The emasculation was carried out where the tassels of the female plants (seed parents or line) were removed immediately as soon as appeared, through the process called detasseling and Ear where put in selfing bag for 1 to 2 days after emergence and tassels of selected male parents (Tester) were covered with waterproof selfing bag one day after emergence, pollens from tester were dusted over the silk of line and care was taken in each stage to avoid contamination of pollen grains from tagged tester with foreign pollens. Results: Analysis of Variance revealed that, genotypes CML503 (L4 x T1) recorded highest in crude protein in a combined mean performance with 9.1% but recorded lowest lysine and tryptophan of 3.1% and 0.4% respectively and there was drastic reduction in crude protein from 2018 (9.4%) to 2019 (8.8%), lysine from 2018 (4.1%) to 2019 (3.9%) and tryptophan from 2018 (0.8%) to 2019 (0.6%), However, local check recorded an increase in crude protein, lysine and tryptophan Crude protein increased from 2018 (1.4%) to 2019 (2.4%) and in combined mean performance (5.4%), lysine also increased from 2018 (0.2%) to 2019 (0.9%) and tryptophan 2018 (0.002%) to 2019 (0.90%). Conclusion: Study concluded that highly significant differences among genotypes indicated the presence of inherent genetic differences among treatments and hybrid of the cross between QPM CML503 and the tester-A (L4 x T1) could be used for breeding programme aimed at protein improvement and therefore, could be grown by the maize producers for crude protein, lysine and tryptophan.
The study was conducted in the dry season of 2014/2015 at two locations: the experimental Farms of the Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University Samaru, Zaria and Kadawa Kano, located in the Northern Guinea and Sudan Savanna Ecological Zones of Nigeria, to assess the effects of weed management methods and intra row spacing on performance of cowpea. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Treatments were five weed control methods involving the use of Pendimethalin at 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kg a.i. ha -1 , two hoe weeding at 3 and 6 weeks after sowing (WAS) and a weedy check and four intra row spacing (20, 25, 30 and 35 cm). The herbicide treatments were assigned to the main plots while intra row spacings were assigned to the subplots. Results indicated that weed coverage score, weed density and weed dry weight were significantly decreased by the weed control methods compared to weedy check treatments. The application of Pendimethalin at the rate of 2.0 kg a.i ha -1 and two hoe weeding at 3 and 6 WAS resulted to significantly higher values for plant height, canopy spread and crop growth rate. Yield parameters including number pods per plant, seed weight and grain yield were also significantly increased in the herbicide treated plots and two hoe weeding compared to weedy check. In conclusion, the results obtained from this study indicated that two hoe weeding at 3 and 6 WAS and 20 cm intra row spacing effectively controlled weeds and produced the highest grain yield (kg ha -1 ) in Samaru, Zaria and Kadawa, Kano.
Field experiment was conducted during 2019 rainy season at the Experimental/Seed Multiplication Farm of National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI), Rice Research sub-station, Gwadangaji, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State (latitude 12º 11’; longitude 12º 4’). The treatments consist of factorial combination of two level of Topstar spectrum 600 and 400 ml ha-1, two level of Cranstan spectrum 1250 and 800 ml ha-1; (pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicide), hoe weeding and a weedy check. The treatments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and were replicated three times. Data were taken and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Result obtained revealed that, Topstar at the rate of 600 ml haˉ¹ produced significantly higher number of productive tillers, panicle length, 1000 grain weight and grain yield. Topstar show highest weed control than all other treatments. Weed cover score and weed dry weight significantly responded to weed control treatments. The result also shows that weedy check consistently recorded the highest value for weed cover and weed dry weight which was followed by plot treated with Cranstan at 800 ml haˉ¹. Topstar at 600 ml haˉ¹ is found to be the best pre-emergence spectrum in weed management in rice field.
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