Problems of transforming heavy crude high-sulfur oil into low-sulfur fuels and oils become increasingly urgent for oil refineries. The main reason for that is depletion of low-sulfur oil-fields and following rise of heavy crude oil share in world's oil production. Desulfurization of oil and petroleum residues is performed by breaking down or extraction of sulfur and sulfur compounds with catalyst and chemical additives which leads to considerable rise in price of refinery. Desulfurization technology proposed in the following research involves simultaneous use of the acoustic and hydrodynamical cavitation for breaking down long molecular connections. Oil refinery was performed in the electromechanical vortex layer activator which intensified mechanoactivation processes by intensive movement of ferromagnetic elements in the external magnetic field.

Abstract. In article authors have investigated a question of a possibility of application of hydrodynamic cavitation processing of crude oil for the purpose of decrease in content of sulphurous compounds. The electromechanical converter with a secondary discrete part, the being device exciting in the processed material the cavitation and shock field by means of heavy traffic of big set of ferromagnetic elements under the influence of external magnetic field is presented. Features of initiation of hydrodynamic cavitation on the example of the movement of a single ferromagnetic element are considered. Results of the mathematical description of process of desulphurization of crude oil are presented. On the basis of economic efficiency of the presented technological process, authors have offered options of introduction of technology on production objects.

An alternative configuration of a device with a secondary discrete part using a magnetic system of a similar multi-phase inductor machine and concentrated windings without an internal rotor is proposed. An algorithm of sensorless control of a motion process of a secondary discrete part is proposed. The analysis of the distribution nature of the magnetic field for various switching algorithms is carried out to reduce negative influence of the "dead" zones of the first and second order. The features of the movement process of the secondary discrete part in the working chamber of the device are considered. The results of in the electromagnetic force change affecting a ferromagnetic working element are presented, and recommendations for the application of switching algorithms are given.

The algorithm of multicriteria optimization of a tooth zone of the electromechanical converter with a discrete secondary part realized on the basis of application of the program Ansys complex is offered. The optimum geometry of a tooth zone of the inductor of the electromechanical converter with a discrete secondary part on condition of achievement of the greatest possible value of the electromagnetic effort operating on ferromagnetic elements is defined. As a method of optimization the stochastic Monte Carlo method has been used.

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The problem of controlling emissions of dust fractions from various types of technological machines and containers during the production and transportation of bulk materials in the construction and metallurgical industries is quite urgent, due to the need to ensure environmental protection. The development of an energy efficient and inexpensive air filtration system can be an optimal solution to this problem. An important part of this system is the power supply. Measures aimed at increasing load characteristics of circuits of high-voltage rectifiers as a source of high DC voltage of negative polarity of dust collecting electric locks are considered in this work.

In this scientific work the new method of electroseparation by means of impact on a dust fraction of the crown charge is considered. The presented device for the electromechanical separation is the main competitor for systems of the electrostatic, crown, dielectric, triboadhesion separation widespread in the industry today. Use of the electromechanical device for crown separation allows separation of fine particles with the set dimensional and physical characteristics from the stream. The main attention in the article is paid to the research of a fine fraction behaviour in the non-uniform electric field. Mechanisms of the impact of electric, gravitational, aerodynamic and other disturbances on the dust fraction (aerosols) are considered in detail. The system of the equations describing physical processes of the movement of a dust particle in the non-uniform electric field taking into account influence of the aerodynamic effort created by the "ionic" wind is presented in this work.

Hydrodynamic cavitation, created by the intensive movement of the secondary discrete part in an electromechanical device, is the most important energy effect in the processing of petroleum products. The presented work contains and summarizes the results of the study of the main parameters of cavitation processing, including the geometric parameters of the elements of the secondary discrete part, the speed and trajectory of the secondary discrete part, as well as the parameters of the processed raw materials. It is established that to achieve an intense cavitation field, it is necessary, depending on the parameters of the processed raw material (its rheological properties), to maintain the optimal temperature and ensure the speed of movement of the elements of the secondary discrete part.