Abstract-This paper describes a novel type of CD-ROM drive which can automatically distinguish between two basic operating modes: continuous playback and continuous access. The drive, based on the adaptive-speed technology, is optimized for a very high data throughput during sustained read-out using a new cubic overspeed profile. In addition, by detecting the state of continuous access and switching the spindle motor into a CAV (constant angular velocity) loop, the drive features very low power consumption. Two dedicated firmware algorithms which can detect one of the two operating modes either at the bit-engine level or at the data-path level are also presented. While implementing the algorithm at the data-path level, the paper will also approach a novel technique for the optimization of the data flow via controlling the speed of the spindle motor. A better buffer management can therefore be achieved. Last but not least, the cubic overspeed profile is shown to be optimal not only for sustained playback but also while the drive is performing either a unique seek action or a short sequence of seeks.

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For over forty years, the breadboard had been a useful tool for basic electronic experiments. However, even for an experienced user, a complicated wiring work could be a nightmare during the process of experiment. Not only it takes time for wiring, but also a non-logical error may arise whenever there is a loose contact between jump wire and the electrical terminals of the breadboard. That is to say, sometimes, you cannot ensure that the confirmed circuit works correctly even after a careful wiring work. In this paper, focused on digital circuits, we have designed and implemented a "wire-free breadboard" prototype. Based on the technology of FPGA, a circuit system, which being located on the bottom side of the breadboard, has been built to substitute the jump wires on the top side of the traditional Breadboard. To save the time of wiring work and to avoid the non-logical errors of electronic experiments are the main motives of this research.

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