PurposeRecent studies have classified ecotourism behaviour into specific components like site-specific ecological, pro-environmental and environmental learning behaviour. However, the role of materialism in generating these types of behaviour is not clearly understood. Materialism might also affect tourists' environmental engagement. Hence, this study embarks on exploring these research gaps.Design/methodology/approachAll the constructs were operationalized as first-order factors based on extant scales of measurement. After suitable pretesting, the study was able to collect 122 valid responses. The responses were analysed using partial least squares (PLS).FindingsResults suggest that environmental engagement and environmental learning behaviour have prominent roles as enablers. Furthermore, the importance of materialism is not statistically significant and requires further investigation.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the study showed that environmental engagement is a crucial precursor for the development of different types of ecotourism behaviour, it also has limitations. First, the study tested the validity of the proposed associations based on the perceptual responses of 122 tourists who are interested in participating in ecotourism. However, this may lack generalizability. Future research can take a common set of tourists or a specific destination and execute a longitudinal analysis to better understand the way ecotourism behaviour has evolved over time at a destination. This would in turn help the local people and tour planners to develop tourism packages and events.Practical implicationsAs tourists are interested in environmental learning, they are eventually expected to take care of the destination environment in terms of protecting it in every form. This may include reporting of any environment damaging activity, for example, activities that can enhance environmental pollution, etc.Social implicationsMaterialism hinders the environmental conservation spree of tourists, when they indulge more in shopping and leisure trips. Hence, for destination planners it is very important to hold complementary events in addition to the main event to highlight the dire need of involving in ecotourism activities.Originality/valueThe study is of significant contribution for researchers and practitioners as it develops the antecedents and consequences of environmental learning behaviour. Furthermore, this study has implications for managers working for sustainability of tourism destinations.
This study analyses the multivariate effect of employee desire (ED) and employee engagement (EE) on organizational performance (OP). The data were collected from 352 executive employees belonging to public and private information and communications technology (ICT) sector organizations in Kerala, India. The stratified random sampling technique was applied for selecting the samples and the data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was applied to study the causal linkage among the variables. The analysis revealed that OP is positively influenced by ED and EE. The study further confirms the mediation effect of EE in the relationship between ED and OP. The effects are statistically significant. The study furnishes beneficial inputs for practising managers, which can encourage EE and strengthen OP. JEL Code: M54
Most of the public managers are of the firm belief that extrinsic monetary rewards predominantly contribute to employee productivity and that the motivational strategies shall be aligned to sustain extrinsic motivation (EM) rather than intrinsic motivation (IM). A substantial body of literature on motivation does not endorse this perspective. A relook of the present motivational strategies in central public sector enterprises (CPSEs) in India and an evaluation of the suitability of these strategies as drivers of agility are quite appropriate at this juncture. The purpose of this article is to examine the effects of IM and EM on work performance (WP) in CPSEs, in the context of workforce agility. This article also analyses the relationship between EM and IM in public sector settings. Data collected from 371 employees of five selected CPSEs were analysed. We found that the effect of IM on WP is stronger than the effect of EM on WP in CPSEs. We also found that EM influences IM positively. The study offers insights to public managers to review the existing motivation strategies and to focus on enhancing the IM for an inevitable agile transformation.
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