The effect of nanoparticle shape on the natural convection heat transfer of
Cu-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid inside a U-shaped enclosure is presented in
this paper. The governing equations are transformed into the dimensionless
form using dimensionless variables. A three-node triangular finite element
method is used with the Newton-Raphson method to solve the problem
numerically. The streamlines and isotherms as well as the local and average
Nusselt numbers are presented for the fluid flow with Rayleigh number of 104
to 106.It is found that blade nanoparticle shape produces the highest heat
transfer rate while sphere is the lowest.
Boundary layer flow of Upper-Convected Maxwell fluid over a wedge with suction and heat generation/absorption is presented in this paper by considering the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model. The governed equations are transformed into a set of the ordinary differential equation using similarity transformations. A third-order finite difference method for the ordinary differential equation is used to find the local similarity solutions of the problems. The effects of the wedge angle parameter, viscoelastic fluid parameter, thermal relaxation time parameter, and heat generation/absorption parameter are presented in this study.
The numerical study of natural convection heat transfer inside a U-shaped enclosure with various thermal profiles by using copper–alumina/water hybrid nanofluid is reported. The study focuses on the effect of constant, linear, quadratic, and sinusoidal with different amplitudes and periods and absolute sinusoidal thermal profiles to the heat transfer efficiency inside the lid. A weighted residual Galerkin triangular finite element method is used alongside the damped Newton–Raphson algorithm to calculate the heat transfer rate of the system in terms of averaged and local Nusselt number. The result from the present model is compared with the previously published experimental and numerical data. The isotherms and streamlines of the fluid flow for each thermal profile are presented with a nanoparticle volume fraction of between 0 and 0.1 for Rayleigh number of 104–106. It is found that the constant heating profile gives the best heat dissipation performance, while the sinusoidal thermal profile performed the worst. The results gained from this paper will be useful in understanding how heat can be transferred effectively as it can be applied to many different industries, including the electronics field.
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