Introduction Recently, scientists who performed morphological, comparative and experimental studies have tried to get more efficient and accurate information from the interested tissue. The volume estimation is part of this information and an important criterion for the biomedical sciences. It increases the confidence in the data obtained. The volumetric change is an indicator of an organ's health status. It is also important in the clinical diagnosis of a tumour, therapy planning and control of the tumour's growth. The important data obtained using the Cavalieri principle is considered the best volume estimation method. This method, a stereological tool, allows precise estimates about the related object. Scientists and clinicians both use this method under in vivo and in vitro conditions. The method could combine in vivo by computed tomography and magnetic resonance images and in vitro after the classical histological tissue processing. The aim of this article was to discuss the recent developments and the importance of the volume estimation in biomedical sciences. Methodology The Cavalieri principle could estimate an object's volume under in vitro and in vivo conditions. In vitro estimations-First, the tissue is sliced at a random starting point at parallel and equal intervals. Then, the surface areas of these slices (just one and the same side of each slice) are measured by a randomly superposed point grid. The point counting procedure could be done on a computer loaded with stereology software. In vivo estimations-This measurement is done on magnetic resonance and computed tomography images. The parallel and equally sliced images of the related objects are obtained from the magnetic resonance and computed tomography. At the monitor, the software places the point grid on these images and the estimations are calculated. Conclusion The Cavalieri principle estimates the total volume of an organ and its subcomponents more accurately and precisely than the other methods. It runs simply and easily and produces efficient results.
The bulbourethral gland (or Cowper's gland) plays an important role for fertility. It is, therefore, essential to have quantitative data about the morphological and histomorphological structure of this gland in nonpathological conditions. In the present study, Holstein bull's bulbourethral glands were collected, and the volume of the glands, total epithelial cell number and epithelial cell's nuclear volume was estimated for the first time by stereological methods. The smooth fractionator technique for epithelial cell counting was used. Epithelial cell's nuclear volume was estimated on vertical sections. The mean number of the epithelial cells (coefficient of error; CE) and the mean epithelial cell's nuclear volume were found 322x10 7 (0.1) and 59.1 µm 3 (SD=3.7) respectively. Finally, the present studies stereological findings are in the acceptable range. Keywords: Bulbourethral gland, Cell number, Nuclear volume, Smooth fractionator, Stereology Holştayn Boğalarda Bulbourethral (Cowper) Bezin Epitel Hücre Sayısı ve Epitel Hücre Çekirdeği Hacminin Hesaplanması -Stereolojik Çalışma ÖzetGlandula bulbourethralis'in fertilitedeki önemli rolünden dolayı bu eklenti bezinin sağlıklı hayvanlarda morfolojik ve histomorfolojik yapısının sayısal değerleri önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, Holştayn ırkı boğalardan alınan gl. bulbourethralis'lerin hacim, toplam epitel hücre sayısı ve epitel hücre çekirdeklerinin hacimleri ilk kez stereolojik metotlar kullanılarak hesaplandı. Epitel hücre sayımı için smooth fractionator tekniği kullanıldı. Epitel hücrelerin çekirdek hacimleri vertikal kesitler ile saptandı. Epitel hücrelerinin sayısı 322x10 7 ,(CE:0,1) ve epitel hücre çekirdek hacmi 59.1 µm 3 (SD=3.7) olarak hesaplandı. Elde edilen bulguların CE ve SD değerleri normal sınırlar içinde olduğu görüldü.
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