The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal capital structure of property, real estate, and construction companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The motivation of this study is due to the current research results are still not able to answer whether the optimal capital structure exists. Based on trade-off theory, the optimal capital structure occurs when a company has a minimum capital cost. However, it is not explained how much capital structure needed to achieve the company maximum value. In addition, this sample business sector is chosen because there are a numeours firms with an adequate long-term debt which make it possible to examine their capital structure. The method used are the nonlinear regression and Monte Carlo simulation method. These methods were chosen because the formulation of optimal capital structure is arguably complex. There are 47 samples from all property, real estate, and construction companies. The data set covered 11 years ie (2000-2010). The results showed that the optimal capital structure of properties, real estate and construction companies which are measured by the ratio between the long-term debt and equity is 0.99. Most companies of these sectors have not reached the optimal capital structure yet because the average results from these companies are 0.31.
Cost and capital structure are needed to evaluate the feasibility of the investments made by a company. This study aims to estimate and analyze the effect of the component of cost of capital (COC) and capital structure (CS) on firm value. Pulp & Paper companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) became the research sample for the 2013–2020 period. The research method applied is a moderation regression analysis approach. The empirical findings of the study prove that firm value is not influenced by the cost of debt (COD), while the cost of equity (COE) has a negative effect, and COC is positive. COC is a combination of the use of debt and equity, modeling by adding a CS variable as a moderating variable; this leads to the conclusion that COD and COE have a negative effect on firm value, whereas COC and CS have a positive effect. The finding of the role of CS as a moderating variable reveals that CS is a quasi-moderator variable and plays a role in increasing.
This research is a quantitative study which aims to find out the effect of financial inclusion (banking access dimension and banking service usage dimension) on loans channeled to the Micro Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (MSMEs) sector in Indonesia. The variables used in this research were loans channeled to the MSMEs as dependent variable, and successively banking access dimension and banking service usage dimension as the independent variables. Using the purposive sampling method, a total of 33 provinces in Indonesia were selected as the samples with an observation period from 2010 to 2013. LDR (Loan to Deposit Ratio) and NPL (Non Performing Loan) were used as the control variables. Simultaneously there was a positive and significant effect of banking access dimension, banking service usage dimension, and LDR on loans channeled to the MSMEs sector, while NPL had a negative but insignificant effect.
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