We present Version 3.0 of the GLoBES ("General Long Baseline Experiment Simulator") software, which is a simulation tool for short-and long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. As a new feature, GLoBES 3.0 allows for user-defined systematical errors, which can also be used to simulate experiments with multiple discrete sources and detectors. In addition, the combination with external information, such as from different experiment classes, is simplified. As far as the probability calculation is concerned, GLoBES now provides an interface for the inclusion of non-standard physics without re-compilation of the software. The set of experiment prototypes coming with GLoBES has been updated. For example, built-in fluxes are now provided for the simulation of beta beams.

We discuss the optimization of a neutrino factory experiment for neutrino oscillation physics in terms of muon energy, baselines, and oscillation channels (gold, silver, platinum). In addition, we study the impact and requirements for detector technology improvements, and we compare the results to beta beams. We find that the optimized neutrino factory has two baselines, one at about 3000 to 5000 km, the other at about 7500 km ("magic" baseline). The threshold and energy resolution of the golden channel detector have the most promising optimization potential. This, in turn, could be used to lower the muon energy from about 50 GeV to about 20 GeV. Furthermore, the inclusion of electron neutrino appearance with charge identification (platinum channel) could help for large values of sin22theta13. Though tau neutrino appearance with charge identification (silver channel) helps, in principle, to resolve degeneracies for intermediate sin22theta13, we find that alternative strategies may be more feasible in this parameter range. As far as matter density uncertainties are concerned, we demonstrate that their impact can be reduced by the combination of different baselines and channels. Finally, in comparison to beta beams and other alternative technologies, we clearly can establish a superior performance for a neutrino factory in the case sin22theta13<~0.01

The conclusions of the Physics Working Group of the International Scoping Study of a future Neutrino Factory and super-beam facility (the ISS) are presented. The ISS was carried out by the international community between NuFact05, (the 7th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Super-beams, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Rome, 21-26 June 2005) and NuFact06 (Ivine, CA, 24-30 August 2006). The physics case for an extensive experimental programme to understand the properties of the neutrino is presented and the role of high-precision measurements of neutrino oscillations within this programme is discussed in detail. The performance of second-generation super-beam experiments, beta-beam facilities and the Neutrino Factory are evaluated and a quantitative comparison of the discovery potential of the three classes of facility is presented. High-precision studies of the properties of the muon are complementary to the study of neutrino oscillations. The Neutrino Factory has the potential to provide extremely intense muon beams and the physics potential of such beams is discussed in the final section of the report.

We analyze the physics potential of long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments planned for the coming ten years, where the main focus is the sensitivity limit to the small mixing angle θ 13 . The discussed experiments include the conventional beam experiments MINOS, ICARUS, and OPERA, which are under construction, the planned superbeam experiments J-PARC to Super-Kamiokande and NuMI off-axis, as well as new reactor experiments with near and far detectors, represented by the Double-Chooz project. We perform a complete numerical simulation including systematics, correlations, and degeneracies on an equal footing for all experiments using the GLoBES software. After discussing the improvement of our knowledge on the atmospheric parameters θ 23 and ∆m 2 31 by these experiments, we investigate the potential to determine θ 13 within the next ten years in detail. Furthermore, we show that under optimistic assumptions and for θ 13 close to the current bound, even the next generation of experiments might provide some information on the Dirac CP phase and the type of the neutrino mass hierarchy.

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