cultural changes in our country in the past two decades it is crucial to understand the new trends of this overwhelming syndrome. The real prevalence of HF in Portugal is unknown; additionally the exact number of hospitalizations due to HF is also ignored. 4 Therefore, faith is deposited in the prevalence study PORTHOS 5 to answer these paramount questions. Based on the 2011 Portuguese Census, there is an estimated 380000 HF patients in Portugal 6 and it is estimated that this population will reach half a million individuals in 2035. 4 In 2014, HF represented a national economic burden of about 400 million euros and it is estimated that in 2036 this cypher will ascend to 500 million euros. 7 Notably, admissions are the main responsible for such expenditure. 7
Aims:The American College of Cardiology (ACA)/ American Heart Association (AHA) granted Galectin-3 (Gal-3) and Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) evaluation a class II recommendation for HF prognosis, as an adjunctive to conventional clinical risk factors and natriuretic peptides dosing in 2013. However, in Europe this endorsement is not valid. The purpose of this study was to study the association of Gal-3 and ST2 collected at-admission with early (defined as the period of 90 days post-discharge) rehospitalization and overall mortality, and end of follow-up overall mortality in HF patients. Additionally, aminoterminal B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) at admission was considered to test if a multi-marker strategy could yield supplementary information. Material and Methods: Gal-3, ST2 and NT-proBNP were assessed in patients hospitalized with acute decompensated HF in class III or IV of New York Heart Association (NYHA). Univariate Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the relationship between variables and outcomes. Since there are no standardized cut-offs for Gal-3 and ST2, the multiclass Area Under the Curve Receiver-Operator Characteristic (AUCROC) as defined by Hand and Till was used to evaluate the overall performance of each biomarker as a predictor of the outcomes.
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