Abortion is forbidden under normal circumstances by nearly all the major world religions. Traditionally, abortion was not deemed permissible by Muslim scholars. Shiite scholars considered it forbidden after implantation of the fertilised ovum. However, Sunni scholars have held various opinions on the matter, but all agreed that after 4 months gestation abortion was not permitted. In addition, classical Islamic scholarship had only considered threats to maternal health as a reason for therapeutic abortion. Recently, scholars have begun to consider the effect of severe fetal deformities on the mother, the families and society. This has led some scholars to reconsider the prohibition on abortion in limited circumstances. This article reviews the Islamic basis for the prohibition of abortion and the reasons for its justification. Contemporary rulings from leading Shiite scholars and from the Sunni school of thought are presented and reviewed. The status of abortion in Muslim countries is reviewed, with special emphasis on the therapeutic abortion law passed by the Iranian Parliament in 2003. This law approved therapeutic abortion before 16 weeks of gestation under limited circumstances, including medical conditions related to fetal and maternal health. Recent measures in Iran provide an opportunity for the Muslim scholars in other countries to review their traditional stance on abortion.
The Sira of Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) has had a profound effect on humanity which has become a global art form that is interpreted as “The Sira and Sira Nigari”. This is an important topic of present Era that is discussed by Muslims and non-Muslims in their Books, especially Orientalists, all make it the subject of their discussion. Some have made it the subject of their research in view of love, affection and devotion, whether they belonged to the forerunners or to the laters ones. From the era of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) to the present day, the art of biography has gone through many stages which has led to diversity in its principles and sources. Nowadays, it is important for a biographer to know the principles and sources of Sira, Sira Nigari and use of them in Sira’s books. Some of them have been discussed in this aricle.
Indeed, today is the era of western supremacy. But it is also a satisfying aspect that many movements in the Muslim world are trying to bring about Islamic revolution. Each party and movement has adopted its own methodology for the success of this task. For example some took the military approach, some adopted a democratic political electoral method and some chose the revolutionary path. Among these movements one is Tanzeem e Islami Pakistan, which has its own distinctive Islamic revolutionary concept. Tanzeem e Islami is neither the political party nor the religious sect, it is an islamic revolutionary party. They want to dominate the system of Islam first in Pakistan and then all over the world. The founder of Tanzeem e Islami Dr. Israr Ahmad, who also founded the Anjuman Khudam-ul-Quran and the Khilafat Movement, his thought seems to be influenced by Shaikh Ul Hind Maulana Mahmood Hassan, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad and Dr. Allama Iqbal. This article gives analytical study of their concept about islamic revolution and its phases.
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