Indoor physical security, as a perpetual and multi-layered phenomenon, is a timeintensive and labor-consuming task. Various technologies have been leveraged to develop automatic access control, intrusion detection, or video monitoring systems. Video surveillance has been significantly enhanced by the advent of Pan-Tilt-Zoom (PTZ) cameras and advanced video processing, which together enable effective monitoring and recording. The development of ubiquitous object identification and tracking technologies provide the opportunity to accomplish automatic access control and tracking. Intrusion detection has also become possible through deploying networks of motion sensors for alerting about abnormal behaviors. However, each of the above-mentioned technologies has its own limitations. This paper presents a fully automated indoor security solution that leverages an Ultra-wideband (UWB) Real-Time Locating System (RTLS), PTZ surveillance cameras and a Building Information Model (BIM) as three sources of environmental data. Providing authorized persons with UWB tags, unauthorized intruders are distinguished as the mismatch observed between the detected tag owners and the persons detected in the video, and intrusion alert is generated. PTZ cameras allow for wide-area monitoring and motion-based recording. Furthermore, the BIM is used for space modeling and mapping the locations of intruders in the building. Fusing UWB tracking, video and spatial data can automate the entire security procedure from access control to intrusion alerting and behavior monitoring. Other benefits of the proposed method include higher accuracy and robustness, more complex query processing, and interoperability with other BIM-based solutions. A prototype system is implemented that demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed method.
Summary
This paper presents two low‐voltage high‐speed shallow‐depth current mode logic (CML) topologies. The number of stacked transistors of these proposed structures decreases between VDD to GND. Reduce stacks in proposed gates enhance the circuit to operate at lower supply voltages. Therefore, the proposed logic causes to use of a stand‐alone multiple‐input gate instead of a low‐input gate. The use of decomposing multiple‐input gate for some input series causes error in the output of the circuit. In advanced technologies with size scaling down, the reliability and correctness of data in memories are essential issues. Error correction codes (ECCs) are used for protecting memories against faults. Reducing power consumption with preserving speed is vital in the design of ECCs. The units of ECCs are composed of multiple‐input gates; hence, using a low‐voltage high‐performance structure is required. The essential properties of the proposed logic are low‐voltage and high‐speed operation modes. It also gains in delay improvement of the proposed structure and multiple‐tailed current mode logic (MTCML) than source‐coupled logic (SCL) about 27% and 21% in the low‐voltage design. The final power delay product (PDP) of proposed logic and MTCML is improved by about 14% and 11% than SCL.
As the complexity of systems is rapidly growing, the designers are moving towards use System Level Design Languages (SLDL) such as SystemC and SpecC. In this paper we use SystemC and SpecC languages for modeling and simulation of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). First we start on simple ECO model and add modular sections as increases as the complexity. In the next step, we add data encryption using DES algorithm for security reasons. The future steps include modeling the idel/active/work phases for nodes and we add Attenuation-Transmission-power checking model for estimation power dissipation among nodes. We also include IEEE 802.15.4 protocol module and buffer insertion module. We have simulated the proposed framework with simulation of 3, 7 and 11 nodes in 3000 ms. The fidelity of simulations with SpecC and SytemC meet with 9.8% error and RMSD 4%. Our preliminary results from deployment of the functional-proven SystemC models into SystemC synthesizers, urges that it may be directly used in early stages of WSN nodes synthesis.
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