To ensure effective aeration of the biological wastewater treatment process, easy-to-operate and not too energy-intensive units are needed. Jet aerators have such capabilities. In this study, the authors searched for the best hole shape for the aeration nozzles. It was determined that a nozzle with an elongated hole has the largest size of the actively aerated zone. Experimental studies of nozzles of a diameter of 56 mm with nozzles of elongated shape showed that the best characteristics of mass transfer are provided by nozzles with a total area of holes of 356 mm2 at a flow rate of 10 … 12 m/s. For practical calculations, an equation was obtained for the dependence of the oxygen transfer coefficient KLa(20) on the complex criterion vn, and a method for calculating aeration units was developed, which is applicable for aerators with elongated holes.
The environmental problems of the road transport system in Tashkent are analyzed in the article. Particulate air pollution is one of the most serious problems. To reduce dust pollution in the air, it is proposed to create protective screens along highways from lianas. It was proposed to form screens from fragrant honeysuckle (Lonícera caprifólium) and ivy (Hedera helix), which are evergreen in the conditions of Tashkent. The study of the dust-absorbing capacity of the leaves of these plants showed that ivy leaves are the most dust-absorbing, capable of holding up to 1.64 mg of dust per 1 cm2 of the surface.
Achieving environmental sustainability of transport largely depends on the degree of use of urban land by transport infrastructure. The article studies the indicator “land use” in Tashkent to the target 2030. The following criteria were selected as assessment criteria: the area and degree of filling of public parking lots, the area of transport infrastructure enterprises, as well as the length of roads with two-sided landscaping. Evaluation of indicators was carried out using GIS, by processing satellite maps of Tashkent in the Quantum GIS program, as well as by monitoring online maps of the movement of automobile transport. It was revealed that the existing area of public parking is 33.4% of the required area, while the degree of use of existing parking is only 40-60%. Bilateral landscaping, have only 26.6% of roads. Trends in the development of the Tashkent transport system suggest mainly an increase in the number of private cars (an increase of 1.23 times by 2025), the pace of construction of parking lots and improvements in the road-street network are significantly behind (an increase in the area of parking lots by 1.06 times by 2025). In the current state of development, the stability of transport until 2030 according to the criterion of “land use” is not provided.
The possibilities of using jet aeration for biological wastewater treatment in small facilities were considered in the article. In shallow depth reservoirs, studies were carried out to change the sizes of the actively aerated zone with a decrease in the height of the liquid layer in the reservoir. The research was conducted for jet aerators with nozzles of the "keyway" type holes. It was established that a decrease in the relative depth of the reservoir makes it possible to increase the share of the beneficial use of the reservoir volume. This suggests that jet aeration will be most effective for reservoirs of relatively shallow depth. Based on the research results, a method for calculating a jet aerator was proposed, which makes it possible to evaluate the necessary parameters of the aerator based on the determination of the volumetric mass transfer coefficient.
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