The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is evaluating low-temperature technologies to immobilize mixed radioactive and hazardous waste. Three waste forms-alkali-aluminosilicate hydroceramic cement, "Ceramicrete" phosphate-bonded ceramic, and "DuraLith" alkali-aluminosilicate geopolymer-were selected through a competitive solicitation for fabrication and characterization of waste-form properties. The three contractors prepared their respective waste forms using simulants of a Hanford secondary waste and Idaho sodium-bearing waste provided by PNNL and characterized their waste forms with respect to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure and compressive strength. The contractors sent specimens to PNNL, and PNNL then conducted durability (American National Standards Institute/American Nuclear Society [ANSI/ANS] 16.1 Leachability Index and modified Product Consistency Test) and compressive strength testing (both irradiated and as-received samples). This report presents the results of these characterization tests.v Executive SummaryThe Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is evaluating low-temperature technologies to immobilize mixed radioactive and hazardous waste. The purpose of this testing is to evaluate the effectiveness of low-temperature or ceramic stabilization technologies as alternatives to conventional waste-immobilization technologies, e.g., vitrification and Portland cement-based grouts. Specific target wastes for immobilization are 1) Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) secondary waste (HSW) and 2) Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center (INTEC) sodium bearing waste (SBW). Some of this material may be suitable for treatment and disposal by low temperature (<150°C) immobilization.The three waste forms evaluated as part of this low-temperature immobilization study were identified through an unrestricted solicitation that PNNL conducted on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy. In a request for proposal issued by PNNL on September 1, 2004, proposals were solicited for demonstrations of low-temperature technologies to immobilize mixed radioactive and hazardous waste. For the purpose of the solicitation, low temperature was defined as less than 150°C (302°F). Alternatives to conventional waste immobilization technologies, e.g., vitrification and Portland cement-based grouts, were specifically requested. Relatively mature technologies with the feasibility of deployment in 1 to 2 years were favored by the evaluation criteria. From this solicitation, three waste-form technologies were selected for study:• Alkali-aluminosilicate hydroceramic cement from the Diagnostic Instrumentation and Analysis Laboratory at Mississippi State University• "Ceramicrete" phosphate-bonded ceramic from CH2MHILL• "DuraLith" alkali-aluminosilicate geopolymer from The Catholic University of America Vitreous State Laboratory.Two different waste-composition simulants, one representing INTEC SBW and one representing WTP HSW, were prepared at Noah Technologies for use in the was...

 gas density of the retained gas, kg/m 3  gf gas-free simulant density, kg/m 3  s dry density of the sediment particles, kg/m 3  w water density, kg/m 3  s undrained shear strength, Pa  avg average retained gas fraction  g retained gas fraction  init initial retained gas fraction  local local retained gas fraction

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