Avian coccidiosis is an intestinal tract infection caused by protozoan parasite of the genus Eimeria which is an economically important disease affecting poultry globally. In this study, E. maxima gametocyte antigen (Gam82) was expressed in tobacco leaves by agro-infiltration. The expression of Gam82 protein in plants was found to be 20 mg/kg fresh weight. The recombinant protein was purified by affinity column chromatography and its immunogenicity was evaluated in chickens. The birds immunized with plant purified plant expressed Gam82 protein showed 39% of increased weight gain and 69% of reduced oocyst output compared to control birds indicating that the plant expressed Gam82 antigen can elicit protective immune response in immunized birds. Our study demonstrated that the plant expressed Gam82 antigen can potentially be a candidate subunit vaccine against coccidiosis.
The battlefield simulation is often faced with a bewildering array of conflicting stresses and challenges. Communication is currently slower and more costly than computation. Expert System technologies such as production rule systems allow one to acquire and represent the collection of heuristic rules in computer compatible form. The system also include master control programs that determine the order in which these rules should be applied against the monitored system performance to amve at appropriate system control. These expert systems are used in two nodes, both as an intelligence assistant to the expert, amplifying the capacity and quality of his work, and as a surrogate for an expert when he is not available. An Expert support System (ESS) designed and developed for combat simulation has been enumerated in this article. The quality and the reliability of the inferred tactical situation is improved by using PROLOG. This formal A1 language is used for validating and checking sensor detections for consistency and logical plausibility. The supremacy of PROLOG for creating and interrogating a data base helps maintaining a reasonably coherent feature of the tactical situation. The perils and pitfalls of tackling with expert systems have also been underscored.
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