BACKGROUNDThe use of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of salivary gland lesions has seen a significant rise. In majority of cases, FNAC is helpful in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions. However, many a times it becomes quite challenging to give a precise diagnosis. The sensitivity of diagnosis of malignant lesions is high, though specificity is low. Aims-Objectives-1. To study the cytomorphology of salivary gland lesions. 2. To examine the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC of salivary gland lesions by cytohistopathological correlation and to identify the discrepancies that contri bute to false diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODSFifty one salivary gland FNAC cases received at the Department of Pathology, A. J. Institute of Medical Sciences were reviewed to identify the cytological characteristics. A cytohistopathological correlation was done wherever available and discordant cases were analysed. RESULTSIn the present study, out of 51 cases majority were males (33 cases, 65%). Twenty (40%) were diagnosed non-neoplastic, eighteen (35%) were rendered benign, while thirteen (25%) were malignant on cytology. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common benign tumour (77% of the benign lesions) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common malignant tumour (30% of the malignant lesions). Biopsy confirmation of the cytological diagnoses were available in twenty one (41%) cases; 42.8% of the total cases showed discordant diagnosis. CONCLUSIONFNAC is a reliable tool in distinguishing benign and malignant salivary gland lesions in the hands of an experienced cytopathologist. A specific cytological diagnosis is often possible. However, due to the diagnostic pitfalls in FNAC, a biopsy confirmation may be necessary.
BACKGROUNDEvaluation of bone marrow has widespread use in clinical practice. It is a powerful diagnostic tool for many haematological and nonhaematological disorders. Bone marrow aspiration provides definitive information regarding bone marrow cellularity, its architecture and the stage of maturation of different blood cells. Bone marrow aspiration is a safe invasive procedure done routinely in the hospitals for the diagnosis and management of haematological disorders. It is also essential for follow-up of patients undergoing chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation and other modalities of medical treatment.The objectives of this study were-1. To evaluate the aetiological spectrum of haematological disorder as diagnosed on bone marrow aspiration examination. 2. To know the age incidence and gender distribution in various haematological disorders.
BACKGROUND:The imprint cytology is one of the rapid diagnostic tools in the field of diagnostic pathology. This method not only helps us to examine the individual cells but also aids in analyzing the patterns of particular lesion. Differentiating between benign and malignant lesions prior to or during surgery, helps the surgeon to decide on the extent of surgery. AIMS: The present study was conducted to know the accuracy of intraoperative imprint smears and to compare the results with that of histopathological sections in all breast tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive study on 100 cases of breast lesions comprising of inflammatory, benign & malignant. Results were compared with histopathology. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. RESULTS: Out of 100 cases, 50 cases were diagnosed as benign and 50 cases as malignant lesions on imprint smear. Fibroadenoma (26%) was the most common benign lesion and invasive ductal carcinoma (38%) was the most common malignant lesion. The sensitivity and specificity of imprint cytology were 98% and 96.1% respectively. 96% PPV, 98% NPV and 97% overall diagnostic accuracy was observed for imprint cytology in the present study. CONCLUSIONS: Imprint cytology is a simple, accurate, rapid & cost effective diagnostic tool used intra operatively, where in facilities for frozen sections are not available.
BACKGROUNDCarcinoma of the prostate is the most common internal malignancy among men in the United States and 10 th common malignancy in India. It accounts for 33% of all malignant tumours in men and responsible for 9% of all deaths due to cancer. Prostate specific antigen (PSA), a glycoprotein serine protease, was first identified by Wang et al in 1979. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a substance produced exclusively by certain cells within the male prostate gland. PSA is the most useful tumour marker in diagnosis and first line test in screening.The aims of this study were-1. To evaluate the utility of PSA assay as a method of investigation in diagnosis of prostatic lesions. 2. To correlate morphological types with serum PSA levels.
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