Gamma radiation was found to be an effective tool for hygienization of municipal wastewater sludge. The sludge received from the primary settling tank of a municipal wastewater treatment plant was gamma irradiated using a cobalt‐60 source in a sludge hygienization research irradiator. The process parameters were adjusted to effectively eliminate coliform bacteria in the sludge and to prevent their regrowth. Irradiated sludge was found to be free of fecal coliform and could be directly disposed after drying in a landfill or used as manure. It could also be used as a medium for growth of Rhizobium sp for obtaining a bio‐fertilizer.
Gamma irradiation is a form of pure energy which is currently used most widely for food and waste irradiation. To evaluate the potential of gamma irradiated sludge for its suitability as a soil amendment in agriculture, field experiments were carried out in a root crop, carrot (Daucus carota). Treatments consisting of three sources of manure (Farmyard Manure (FYM), gamma-irradiated sewage sludge and non-irradiated sewage sludge), each at three different levels (5, 10 and 15 t ha-1), were compared. The growth parameters and yield of carrot was not significantly influenced by the three sources of manure or their different levels. Values for EC, pH, organic carbon, total N, available P and K, metallic micronutrients (Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu) and heavy metals (Ni, Cd, Pb, Co) indicate no adverse effect on soil properties.
I embarked on my year of academic development with the goal of making operating less painful for surgeons. The field of surgical ergonomics is nascent, and while there is an appetite for technological...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.