In the past few decades, size and weight of agricultural machinery have increased significantly, and as a consequence, the severity and depth to which the stress is transmitted into agricultural soil have increased. The objective of experimental determinations was to study the influence of some factors characteristics to compaction: tire inflation pressure, wheel load and contact pressure on the contact area between tire and soil, as well as 2D and 3D mapping of pressure distribution in the footprint. The front tire of the U445 Romanian agricultural tractor was tested at five tire inflation pressures: 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 kPa, obtaining contact areas between 0.0252 – 0.0349 m2 and contact pressures between 98 - 136 kPa.
Water is the primary limiting factor in dryland crop production, therefore emerging approaches for preserving rainwater to be more accessible to plants, for extended periods of time, can significantly improve agricultural system efficiency. Furrow diking, a method involving compartmentalizing micro-basins to increase infiltration and soil water storage is one of the most promising water conservation solutions, particularly for sloping terrain. Moreover, furrow diking is associated with water conservation practices and regenerative agriculture as adaptive to dryland crop production. The present research study aims at improving the process of building soil compartmentalized segments using furrow diking technology, by designing and testing optimal geometries for the active soil modeling component. Three new constructive designs of a furrow diking active subassembly were built and tested in comparison with the standard version. In accordance with the considered quality indicators, the most efficient constructive shape was the curved rotor blade due to the higher volume of managed soil and fewer soil losses. Furthermore, the technology applied on three non-irrigated sunflower experimental crops grown on sloping land showed very good effectiveness with respect to the studied climatic and pedological conditions in southern Romania. When compared with non-compartmentalized crops, the most efficient rotor geometry design increased seed production by 11–13%. Water storage efficiency contributed the most to the yield increase, with moisture retention from the root zone improving by an average of 20%.
The subdivision of ruts represents the process of periodic formation between their ridges of small soil dams, small pools of water accumulation created in the processed soil with the help of equipment to open watering channels in order to reduce the phenomenon of erosion and to make more efficient use of the water from precipitation or by using sprinkler systems. This is a method of soil and water conservation that is used on inclined lands with a slope of less than 6o or on disturbed land. The practice began to be widely adopted following the use of new herbicide technologies necessary for weed control but also for improving the mechanical equipment for dam construction. In this paper are presented the results obtained from the optimization of the dimensions and the shape of the working body of the PCVM2,2 + EMBC2 equipment used in the compartmentation of the ruts in the vine-apple orchards with calculation of the qualitative indices of obtained work.
The article presents synthetic experimental results regarding the qualitative and energetic indices of the equipment for opening and compartmentalizing watering furrows EOCWF). The equipment generates compartmentalized irrigation canals using two working organs: the first, the main working body that forms the initial profile, the lister (double mouldboard) or double mouldboard, and the second, a paddle that rectifies the section of the canal and mainly performs the compartmentalization of the canal. The qualitative indices to which the results presented in this chapter refer are the dimensions of the cross-section and the length of the irrigation channel compartment. Qualitative indices are studied for four variants of secondary organ formation, the palette. A statistical method for selecting the best pallet variant is presented, relative to the experimental conditions. The working method developed for the selection of the optimal palette variant can be used in a future experimental study for various types of soils, with various humidity and different working speeds. The mode of experimentation is briefly explained. A statistical analysis of the experimental data is made. The statistical analysis contains both a descriptive and an inferential part on the experimental data population consisting of the dimensions of the irrigation channel opened by the equipment used. The experimental data come from two variants of equipment for opening channels, each operating in turn with four types of blades for rectifying the open channel through rarity. Finally, based on objective functions developed by the authors, optimal solutions to the working process of this equipment are obtained. The optimal solutions found in the study of qualitative indices of the work process are combined with the optimal solutions obtained in the statistical analysis of the energy and economic indices, thus obtaining the optimal working regimes, both in terms of qualitative, as well as quantitative.
The proposed article sets out the results of the finite element structural analysis for the open and compartmentalised watering furrow equipment (OCWFE). It uses a 3D structural model with 3D finite elements. The analysis set out in the article is made in order to determine the field of relative displacement and equivalent stress in the load-bearing structure of the OCWFE. The structural model is generated in CAD-CAM. For the structural analysis, it is necessary the CAE model, which is obtained from the CAD-CAM model, mainly by eliminating gaps and interferences, but also by the techniques of realizing the contact between the components of the assembly and a careful mashing of the structure. The structural model thus created is supported and loaded in accordance with the experimental results from the literature. The relative displacement field and the equivalent stress field within the resistance frame of the OCWFE is obtained following the linear static analysis. The field of relative displacements is used to assess the effects on the quality of the work performed. The equivalent stress field is used to estimate the safety factor of the structure, by reference to the flow stress of the material from which the structure is built.
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