The chemical composition of the zinc bath can strongly influence on the hot-dip galvanized coatings. In this work, the effects of tin addition on the surface morphology, and the corrosion resistance of hot-dip galvanized steel were investigated. The corrosion behavior of steel samples galvanized with zinc and Zn-Sn alloys containing different wt% Sn was analyzed by various corrosion tests such as potentiodynamic polarization Tafel lines and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Salt spray test was employed in order to study the corrosion products of the specimens. Surface morphology, the composition of coating layers and nature of the corrosion products were also investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, respectively. The results indicated that the addition of small amounts of Sn (0.1 wt%) to the molten zinc galvanizing bath can improve the corrosion resistance of hot-dip galvanized steel.
Al-11 wt.% Si-11 wt.% Fe (11.29 at.% Si-5.6 at.% Fe) melt was rapidly solidified into ribbons and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and microhardness technique. The Rietveld X-ray diffraction analysis was applied successfully to analyze microstructure and phase precipitations. On the basis of the aluminum peak shifts measured in the XRD scans, a solid solubility extension value of 1 at.% Si in -Al was determined. SEM investigations confirmed presence of a spherical shape -phase particles in addition to needle and spherical shape -phase particles with contents of 1.1 wt.% and 10.1 wt.% as deduced by XRD analysis. During prolonged annealing process at 350 ∘ C/25 h, -phase disappeared, -phase content increased to 30 wt.%, and Si presence becomes more evident as deduced by XRD analysis. EDS analysis confirmed that these particles observed in the as-melt spun alloy are of lower Fe content comparing to those usually observed in the as-cast counter-part alloy. Besides, the length distribution of needle shape -particles has been shortened to be diverse from 1 to 5 m. The as-melt spun ribbons exhibited enhancement of hardness to 277 HV and further increased during heat treatment (150 ∘ C/12 h) to 450 HV. This improvement of microstructure and hardness are the influence of microstructural refinement and modification obtained during the rapid solidification process.
Preparation of aluminum substrates for surface segregation enhancement of insoluble lead deposition was achieved. Sever plastic deformation 'SPD' of Al sheets was done using surface mechanical attrition treatment 'SMAT' in air. Scanning electron microscope SEM of etched Al substrates cuts showed micro-cavities both on the surface and in-depth. Orientation effects and surface inclusions of Pb inside Al surface found at 40 and 50 Hz - SMAT Al by X-Ray diffraction and energy dispersive of X-Rays EDX. Concluding that SMAT frequency limits used enhanced surface inclusions without annealing that could improve adhesion of industrial protective Pb coatings.
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