The Ultra-low energy electrostatic Storage Ring (USR) at the future Facility for Low-energy Antiproton and Ion Research (FLAIR) will provide cooled beams of antiprotons in the energy range between 300 keV down to 20 keV. Based on the original design concept developed in 2005, the USR has been completely redesigned over the past few years. The ring structure is now based on a 'split achromat' lattice. This ensures compact ring dimensions of 10 x 10 m², whilst allowing both, in-ring experiments with gas jet targets and studies with extracted beams. In the USR, a wide range of beam configurations will be provided, ranging from very short pulses in the nanosecond regime to a coasting beam. The ring also features a combined fast and slow extraction scheme that can provide external experiments with cooled beams of different time structure. Furthermore, studies into beam diagnostics methods for monitoring ultra-low energy ions at beam intensities of less than 10 6 were carried out. Here, we present the final USR design with an emphasis on the expected beam parameters available to the experiments at FLAIR.
An ionization beam profile monitor relying on a supersonic gas-jet shaped into an extended, thin curtain is proposed for operation in an ultra high vacuum environment for very low perturbation on the accelerated beam, as requested for the in-ring profile monitoring at the Ultra low energy Storage Ring (USR) at the Facility for Low-energy Antiproton and Ion Research (FLAIR), in Darmstadt. In this paper, we describe the working principle of the monitor, as well as providing an analysis of sensitivity and resolution dependence on geometrical design and gas curtain thickness.
Read-out of Silicon Photomultipliers is commonly achieved by means of charge integration, a method particularly susceptible to after-pulsing noise and not efficient for low level light signals. Current signal monitoring, characterized by easier electronic implementation and intrinsically faster than charge integration, is also more suitable for low level light signals and can potentially result in much decreased after-pulsing noise effects. However, its use is to date limited by the need of developing a suitable read-out algorithm for signal analysis and filtering able to achieve current peak detection and measurement with the needed precision and accuracy. In this paper we present an original algorithm, based on a piecewise linear-fitting approach, to filter the noise of the current signal and hence efficiently identifying and measuring current peaks. The proposed algorithm is then compared with the optimal linear filtering algorithm for timeencoded peak detection, based on a moving average routine, and assessed in terms of accuracy, precision, and peak detection efficiency, demonstrating improvements of 1 ÷ 2 orders of magnitude in all these quality factors.
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