The manifestation of different forms of heterosis and its effect on the reproductive capacity of pigs of modern genotypes of Irish selection by different methods of breeding in domestic industrial production on breeding and commercial breeders LLC “SPE “Globinsky pig farm.” To compare the reproductive capacity of animals in purebred breeding, crossbreeding, and hybridization and their dependence on the manifestation of various forms of heterosis of potential and actual multiplicity, high fertility, and nest weight of piglets at birth and weaning, the number of weaned piglets per nest and their safety. A comprehensive assessment of the reproductive qualities of sows was determined using an evaluation index with a limited number of traits, and the selection index of reproductive qualities of sows was determined according to the proposed method. Heterosis indices were determined by V. T. Gorin and I. M. Nikitchenko and modified by O. M. Tserenyuk. Biometric processing of the obtained data was performed by using variation statistics using a personal computer software Microsoft Excel. It was found that the indicators of reproductive traits of sows of all experimental groups and combinations studied were characterized by high reproductive performance, except for purebred sows of the synthetic line Max Gro. Sows of large white and landrace breeds in their direct and reverse cross outperformed their purebred counterparts in birth by 2.8 % in terms of fertility, 2.2 % in terms of nest weight of piglets at birth, and 1.7 % in terms of high fertility. They weighed 4.1 % more piglets, weighed 1.3 % more weight, and 4.6 % the weight of the nest, while the preservation of piglets before weaning was not significantly different between animals of these groups. According to a comprehensive assessment of reproductive indicators, they were 2.8–3.3 % higher when crossing parent breeds than their purebred breeding. At the final stage of hybridization, the advantages of hybrid nests over purebreds (maternal form) during farrowing were established – by potential and actual fertility by 3.9 % and 2.2 %, respectively, by nest weight of piglets at birth and high fertility by 6.3%, and 6.8 %. When weaned, their preferences were – for the safety of piglets – 1.7–2.0 %, for the number of piglets, the weight of their nest, and the weight of one head when weaned by 5.7–6.5 % and 8.5 % and 4.2 %, respectively. According to a comprehensive assessment of sows using the SIVYAS index and the index of reproductive qualities of sows with a limited number of traits, an advantage of 3.9 % and 3.3 % of hybrid nests over purebreds was established. At the same time, sows in hybridization outperformed purebred analogs of the synthetic line Max Gro at the time of farrowing by potential and actual multiplicity by 34.2 % and 59.1 %, nest weight by nest weight of piglets at birth by 27.8 % but had a lower by 25.8, 8.0 % high fertility. At the time of weaning in hybrid nests, there were 54.1 % more piglets, 11.8 % higher live weight of 1 head, and 8.5 % live weight of nests of piglets, according to a comprehensive assessment of sows for SIVYAS and IVYa by 25.9 and 31.8 %, respectively, but they have a 4.6 % worse safety of piglets compared to analogs of the synthetic line Max Gro. There was a more pronounced effect of heterosis on such features as the number of piglets at weaning, live weight of the nest at weaning, SIVYAS and evaluation index, and moderate level of heterosis effect on the average weight of 1 head at weaning at 28 days and average daily gain of young for suckling period. Under the conditions of two-breed crossbreeding, an increase in reproductive indicators was found to a greater extent due to the manifestation of hypothetical and general forms of heterosis, while in hybridization, in most cases, specific and authentic heterosis was manifested.
Objective: The article aimed to study the relationship between the physico-chemical qualities of pig meat and their pre-slaughter weights. Materials and Methods: In this study, 60 pigs were reared for fattening under the same conditions of keeping and feeding, slaughtered, and used to sample the longest back muscle meat with pre-slaughter weights of 110 and 130 kg. The samples were evaluated according to generally accepted methods for assessing the physico-chemical qualities in pig meat. Results: Samples of meat from animals slaughtered at 130 kg had higher values for marbling – by 2.0 points or 5.24% ( p < 0.01), active acidity pH in ham muscles – by 0.20 pH or 3.57% ( p < 0.01), and the longest muscle of the back – by 0.10 pH or 1.82% ( p < 0.001). The pre-slaughter weight factor substantially affected the pH of ham muscles at 10.35% and on the marbling of meat in the longest back muscle at 13.31%. Pigs slaughtered at 110 kg had a greater increase in the color intensity of the meat and an increase in its water holding capacity. At a pre-slaughter weight of 130 kg, increasing the marbling and decreasing the softness of the flesh demonstrated a modest, adverse relationship. Conclusion: The findings support the use of pre-slaughter weight management to enhance pork quality.
The article compares the reproductive qualities of sows GGP, GP and P breeding levels in terms of industrial technology of pork production for different variants of their breeding. It is established that sows of maternal genotypes of Great White and Landrace breeds of Irish origin have a high level of reproductive qualities at all levels of the breeding pyramid in the industrial complex of the steppe zone of Ukraine. It is proved that sows of large white and landrace breeds in their purebred breeding gave birth to 32.1-35.2% more piglets, had higher by 35.9-37.5% fertility, less by 5.1- 6.4% share non-viable piglets in the nest at birth, increased by 11.4 -11.9% of the nest weight of piglets at birth and increased by 31.6% the number of piglets in the nest at weaning compared to their purebred counterparts of the synthetic terminal line Max Gro. At the same time, they were inferior to the latter in terms of high fertility by 22.0-29.2%, preservation by 5.9-6.8%, dew intensity of suckling piglets by 12.5-15.4% and as a result the weight of one piglet at weaning in 28 days by 14.2-18.8%. According to the complex of reproductive traits, sows of maternal genotypes were naturally better by 12.4-32.4% than their paternal counterparts. When comparing the reproductive qualities of sows of great white and Landrace breeds of GGP level (for purebred breeding) and their counterparts for GP level (for direct and reverse crossing), the advantages of GP level animals in the total number of born piglets by 2.1%, in fertility by 2.8%, by high fertility by 1.7%, by weight of nests of piglets at birth by 2.2%, by number of piglets at weaning by 4.1%, average weight of piglets at weaning by 1.3%, average weight of nests of piglets at weaning by 4.6%, the growth rate of piglets in the suckling period by 1.3%. At the same time, for the number of non-viable piglets and the safety of piglets before weaning, no significant difference was found between animals of these groups. A comprehensive assessment of the reproductive performance of GP sows using the SIVYAS index and the index with a limited number of traits showed the advantage of animals of this level over their counterparts with GGP level by 2.8-3.3%. It was found that local sows P level ♀VB × ♂L and ♀L × ♂ VB when inseminated with sperm boars of synthetic terminal line Max Gro predominated GP animals by 2.1% of the total number of piglets at birth, by 5.1% for high fertility, 2.3% -3.2% by number of piglets at weaning, 2.8% by weight of one head at weaning, 3.7% by weight of nest of piglets at weaning and 2.3% by growth rate piglets in the suckling period. At the same time, they were inferior to their GP counterparts by 2.7-3.3% in terms of the share of non-viable piglets and 0.6% in terms of fertility. A comprehensive assessment of the reproductive qualities of sows using the SIVYAS index and the index of reproductive qualities of sows with a limited number of traits did not reveal significant differences between sows P and GP levels. When comparing sows P and GGP levels (ma ternal form) found their advantages in the total number of piglets at birth by 3.9%, in fertility by 2.2%, in high fertility by 6.8%, in nest weight of piglets at birth by 6 , 3%, the safety of piglets before weaning by 1.7% -2.0%, the number of piglets weaned by 5.7% -6.5%, the weight of one head at weaning by 4.2%, live nest weight of piglets at weaning by 8.5%, the growth rate of piglets in the suckling period by 3.5%, but they have a 0.3% -2.7% lower proportion of non-viable piglets. According to a comprehensive assessment of sows using the SIVYAS index and the index of reproductive qualities of sows with a limited number of traits, the advantage of sows P level over GGP by 3.9% and 3.3%, respectively. P-level sows outperformed analogues of the Max Gro synthetic line in the total number of piglets at birth by 34.2%, in multiplicity by 59.1%, in nest weight of piglets at birth by 27.8%, in the number of piglets at weaning by 54.1%, by live weight of piglets' nests when weaned by 8.5%. But in the nests of sows of the synthetic line Max Gro found 4.2% higher share of non-viable piglets, 25.8% high fertility, 4.6%, survival of piglets before weaning, 11.8% weight of one head at weaning, 8.8% growth rate of piglets in the suckling period. According to a comprehensive assessment of sows using the SIVYAS index and the index of reproductive qualities of sows with a limited number of traits, the advantage of sows P level over GGP by 25.9 and 31.8%, respectively. Key words: reproductive qualities, preservation, multiplicity, nest weight, maternal lines, paternal lines.
To achieve the goals of our study, we investigated the relationship between morphological composition of pig carcasses and their pre-slaughter weight. In this research, 60 pigs were reared for fattening under the identical conditions of keeping and feeding, then slaughtered and sampled with pre-slaughter weight 110 and 120 kg. The content of meat, fat, and bones and their ratio in carcasses were evaluated. The probable influence of the factor of pre-slaughter weight on the share of meat in certain parts of the carcass is established 61.96% for the cervical-scapular third, 62.21% for the lumbosacral third, and 96.57% for the pelvic-femoral thirds. It has been found that in pigs at slaughter weight 120 kg for each additional increase in fat content by 1.0 kg, the meat content was proportionally insufficient by 0.43 kg in the cervical-scapular third and by 0.39 kg in the pelvic-femoral third of the carcass. In peers weighing 110 kg, each additional 1 kg of fat did not allow to gain 0.72 kg of meat in the cervical-scapular third of the carcass. The study shows that pigs fattening up to 110 kg of its carcass is more sensitive (44.99%) to changes in meat–fat ratios in the cervical-scapular third, which allows more targeted formation of the characteristics of semi-finished products of this part at this stage. Slaughter weight management can improve the quality of pork.
М. Г. Повод, доктор сільськогосподарських наук, професор ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9272-9672/ W-1565-2018 Сумський національний аграрний університет У статті представлено р езультати вивчення продуктивних якостей свиноматок у станках для опоросу з різними конструктивними особливостями. Встановлено, що конструктивні особливості станків для опоросу не вплинули на кількість та масу поросят при народженні й індивідуальну масу поросят при відлученні, але спричинили тенденцію поліпшення збереженості поросят до відлучення, та, за її рахунок, підвищення маси гнізда при відлученні.
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