A gamma-ray attenuation technique is presented for measuring density and phase distribution in a two-phase fluid. A comparison is made between a ``one-shot'' and traverse method. The technique was evaluated on Lucite mock-ups of simulated flow patterns encountered in two-phase flow and by a series of tests on an air-water system at atmospheric pressure.
A three-phase reacting flow computational fluid dynamics (CFD) computer code was used to study the major effects of spray injection parameters on mixing, heat transfer, vaporization, and reaction product yields in fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) riser reactors. The CFD code was validated using experimental or field data. A number of computations were performed with varied injection parameters, including injection velocity, injection angle, and droplet size. Local optimum operating windows for spray injection parameters were identified, and the sensitivity of local optima to variation in spray parameters was also investigated.
Steam Volume Fraction for Typical Runs-5-inch by 2-inch by 60-inch Channel 9 Inlet Velocity as a Function of Exit Steam Volume Fraction ... 10 Variation of Local Phase Velocities, Velocity Ratio, and Velocity Difference for a Typical Boiling Run 11 Effect of Geometry on Velocity Ratio at 600 psig 12 Velocity Ratio as a Function of Superficial Velocity at 150 and 600 psig 13 The Effect of Superficial Velocity on Velocity Ratio at 1200 psia-Data of Hughes 13 Velocity Ratio as a Function of Pressure 14 10 The Effect of Quality on Velocity Ratio at 150 psig 14 11 Working Curve for Prediction of Velocity Ratios at 150 psig. . 15 12 Working Curve for Prediction of Velocity Ratios at 250 psig. . 16 13 Working Curve for the Prediction of Velocity Ratios at 600 psig 16 14 Effect of Velocity on Steam Volume Fractions in Local Boiling in-J-inch by 2-inch Channel 17 15 Effect of Heat Flux on Steam Volume Fractions in Local Boiling in "i-inch by 2-inch Channel 17
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