Artists are valued for their ability to capture, express and engender states of intense emotion. Regular experience and sharing of intense emotions may challenge a preexisting mood regulation vulnerability.A series of studies have revealed particularly strong associations between mood disorders, especially bipolar disorder, and creativity. Specifically, recent findings demonstrate that bipolar disorder patients and highly creative individuals have certain personality/ temperamental commonalities, which in turn may predispose them to increased creativity.The aim of this review is to reflect and discuss, based on a revision of the scientific literature, this apparent association between creativity and bipolar disorder.
The prescription of disulfiram for the treatment of alcohol dependence is common in clinical practice. This drug is an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase, which interferes in the alcohol metabolism by increasing blood levels of acetaldehyde and promoting an intense physical discomfort, thus reinforcing the need for alcohol withdrawal. Additionally, one metabolite of disulfiram is responsible for the inhibition of dopamine β-hydroxylase, and may potentiate psychotic or mood disorders even in the absence of personal or family history of psychiatric illness.This paper aims to describe the clinical case of a 45 year old man with a history of alcoholism who presented the first manic episode after initiation of treatment with disulfiram and discuss, based on a literature review, the possible association between symptoms and treatment with this drug.
IntroductionParaphrenia is a chronic psychotic disorder with a better-preserved affect and minimal disturbances of emotion and volition and a much less cognitive deterioration and personality changes.Objectives/aimsTo report a case with probable Paraphrenia and to highlight the importance of the differential diagnosis in a first psychotic episode.MethodsCase report and systematic review of the literature.ResultsWe report a case of a 41-year-old man without a past psychiatry history that was led to the psychiatry emergency department (PED), by officers, because of strange behaviour and aggressiveness towards his family. In the PED the patient said that his real father was his father-in-law and that his ex-wife was his sister. His mental exam revealed disinhibition, disorganized speech with slightly mood elation, persecutory, mystic and influential delusions with various delusional interpretations. After being admitted to the psychiatric ward, in compulsatory care, he began treatment and a medical work up was completed. According to the family the patient had begun this strange behaviour four years prior. During the hospitalization it became clear that the patient was experiencing imaginative-confabulatoric multi-thematic delusions, sometimes interviewer guided, without showing cognitive deterioration and retaining his personality.ConclusionsThe diagnosis of atypical psychosis or psychosis not otherwise specified is not satisfactory since it agglutinates different conditions together. Paraphrenia is a well-established concept and should be used in order to define a group of psychotic patients who exhibited characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia, minus personality impairment and slower cognitive decline.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Introduction: Good quality sleep is essential for good neurocognitive performance, mental and physical health. However, changes in society have led to a worsening of sleep quality, which is associated with the development of anxiety and depression. Objective: Discuss and contribute for a better understanding of the association between sleep loss and anxiety and depression. Methodology: This article presents a narrative review of the literature based on the analysis of scientific articles published from 2014 to 2022, in PubMed, about sleep deprivation and its association with anxiety and depression. Two criterias were applied, titles that did not mention the thematic association between sleep deprivation and depression and anxiety and abstracts that did not address that theme. After the exclusion criterias, was obtained in total, 45 articles originally in English (including book chapters, guidelines and case reports) remained. Discussion: Sleep deprivation is associated with an increase in cortisol levels, a reduction in testosterone and serotonin levels, and an increase in inflammatory markers. In this context, this condition is related to symptoms of depression and anxiety. Due changes in the pattern of society, such as increased use of the internet and a greater workload, have led a large part of the population to develop problems in sleep quality. Addictionaly, it is known that good quality sleep is essential for good neurocognitive performance, mental and physical health. Conclusion: This study discussed the relation between sleep deprivation, depression and anxiety. It is added to its effect on good neurocognitive performance, mental and physical health. Overall, it was evidenced that there is an association of mechanisms between these disorders. In this context, there is an urgent need for more specific research and dissemination of data on the association of sleep deprivation and depression and anxiety.
Introduction: During the last decade there has been a resurgence of interest in the relationship between early adversity and the development of psychiatric symptoms later in life. There is accumulating evidence for a link between childhood trauma and the development of most psychiatric disorders, including mood and anxiety disorders, eating disorders, personality disorders and substance abuse. Recently, a substantial number of studies have suggested that childhood trauma is also an important risk factor for psychosis. Indeed, a significant proportion of people with psychotic disorders report traumatic experiences during childhood and an increasing number of population-based studies have provided data that suggest that childhood trauma (and to a lesser extent adult abuse or experience of a traumatic event) is of aetiological importance in psychosis. Aims and Methods: This work has as main goal, starting from a review of the literature on this subject, to reflect on the possible mechanisms that may mediate the relationship between maltreatment in childhood and greater predisposition for the development of psychotic symptoms in adolescence and adulthood. Results and Conclusions: There is increasing evidence that neurobiological mechanisms such as dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sensitization of the dopaminergic system may mediate the interaction between the experience of traumatic events at early stages of brain development and increased risk for psychotic symptoms later in life. Preliminary evidence also suggests that polymorphisms within the cathecol-O-methyltransferase and brain-derived neurotrophic factor genes may interact with psychosocial stress in the development of psychosis.
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