The natural history of the Southern Bamboo Rat Kannabateomys amblyonyx was studied in two reserves in the Atlantic forest of southern Brazil. Southern Bamboo Rats were observed to feed only on the leaves and shoots of two bamboo species, the native Guadua angustifolia and an introduced Phyllostachys. The rats communicate vocally, and our observations suggest both territorial and defensive functions for their calls. Although able to colonize patches of new habitat created by man, the dietary specialization of the Bamboo Rat makes it vulnerable to the destruction of the native rainforest.Resume. -L'histoire naturelle du Rat des Bambous Kannabateomys amblyonyx a ete etudiee dans deux reserves de la foret atlantique, dans la region sud-est du Bresil. Les Rats des Bambous ont ete observes s'alimentant de pousses et de feuilles de deux especes de bambous Guadua angustifolia, endemique, et un Phyllostachys, introduit. Ces rats communiquent vocalement, et nos observations proposent tant une function territoriale qu'une function defensive pour leurs cris. Bien que cette espece soit capable de coloniser de nouveaux habitats crees par 1'homme, la specialisation alimentaire du Rat des Bambous le rend vulnerable face ä la destruction de la foret tropicale indigene.
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