A two-dimensional model was developed for an axial-radial ammonia synthesis reactor of the Shiraz petrochemical plant. In this model, momentum and continuity equations as well as mass and energy balance equations are solved simultaneously by orthogonal collocation on the finite element method to obtain pressure, velocity, concentration and temperature profiles in both axial and radial directions. For the catalyst particle, the effectiveness factor is calculated by solving a two-point boundary value differential equation. The boundary conditions for the Navier-Stokes and continuity equations are obtained by using equations representing the phenomena of gases splitting or joining in different streams and going through holes in a thin wall. The results of the mathematical model have been compared with the plant data and a good agreement is obtained.
This paper presents a multilayered/multidirector and shear-deformable finite-element formulation of shells for the analysis of composite laminates. The displacement field is assumed continuous across the finiteelement layers through the composite thickness. The rotation field is, however, layerwise continuous and is assumed discontinuous across these layers. This kinematic hypothesis results in independent shear deformation of the director associated with each individual layer and thus allows the warping of the composite cross section. The resulting through-thickness strain field is therefore discontinuous across the different material sets. Numerical results are presented to show the performance of the method.
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