Experimental and theoretical methods were employed to study the effects of torso shape and heart orientation in the thoracic cavity on peculiarities of the formation cardiac electric field on the body surface in dogs. It was found that heart orientation to a greater extent than torso shape affected projections of cardiac electric potentials from the epicardium onto the body surface.
The formation of early activation regions was demonstrated in the area of the pulmonary vein orifice in hypertensive rats. The appearance of early activation zones on the dorsal side of the left atrium near the pulmonary veins simultaneously with the sinoatrial node in rats with arterial hypertension indicates the possibility of ectopic foci formation in the area of pulmonary vein sleeves.
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