Otitis media is an important and a highly prevalent disease of the middle ear and poses serious health problem world wide especially in developing countries where large percentage of the population lack specialized medical care, suffer from malnutrition and live in poor hygienic environmental conditions. It has been a general view that the hearing loss increases with the size of the perforation, more so if it is in the posterio inferior quadrant. It was found that the maximum average loss occurred at 250 Hz. The hearing loss is less in small perforations (less than 2 mm diameter) then in larger ones; less in perforations touching the manubrium than in those away from it, and also less in perforations of the anterioinferior quadrant than in those on posterio-inferior quadrant. A normally functioning eustachian tube is also an essential physiologic requirement for a healthy middle ear and normal hearing.

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Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common health problems which incurs significant medical costs and has severe impact on lower airway diseases and general health of the patient. The aim of this study was to describe the demographic and clinical profile of chronic rhinosinusitis patients. Methods: In this study 94 patients were included. After taking a brief history, their clinical symptoms were assessed using SNSG test (sino nasal symptom grading test). The findings were further confirmed by diagnostic nasal endoscopy. Results: We found that maximum number of patients were in the age group of 18-27 years with a slight male preponderance. Also rural population had more cases of CRS with nasal discharge being the commonest complaint at the time of presentation. After diagnostic nasal endoscopy (DNE) it was found that ethmoidal polyps are more common in CRS patients however more number of CRS patients presented without polyps. Conclusions: We conclude that chronic rhinosinusitis manifests more in male and rural population with nasal discharge and ethomoidal polyps being the most common presentation. The subjective assessment of clinical symptoms could be done by SNSG test; however it further requires detailed studies.