Talaromyces flat-US reduced viability of microsclerotia of Verticitlium dahliae on senescent potato stems collected from the field when applied as ascospores in carboxymethylcellulose or in talcum powder. Incorporating an alginate wheat-bran preparation of T. fiavus in soil at a rate of 0.5% (w/w) was followed by a decrease of >90% of the population of V. dahliae in soil at both 15 and 25 C. Population densities of V. dahliae were negatively correlated (r = -0.50; P = 0.001) with those of T.flavus. However, the population of V. dahliae was also reduced in soil with alginate wheat-bran alone. When incorporated in soil in alginate wheat-bran and simultaneously coated on seeds in ti^lcum powder. T. flavus reduced colonization of roots and infection of eggplants by K. dahliae. Although to a lesser extent than with the antagonist, alginate wheat-bran without T. flavus also reduced infection by the pathogen. Treatment with combinations of T. flavus with other biocontrol agents, viz. Bacillus subtilis, Fusarium oxysporum or Gliocladium roseum, containing half of the inoculum of the single application of each antagonist, gave similar control of root colonization and stem infection by V. dahliae as application of the single antagonists. Population densities on the root of each antagonist were not or only slightly affected by the presence of the co-inoculated antagonist suggesting that the combinations were compatible. ZusammenfassungWirkung voo Talaromyces flavus allein oder in Kombination mit anderen Antagonisten bei der Bekampfung von VerticUUum dahliae in Klimakammerversuchen Talaromyces flavus verdngerte die Lebensfahigkeit von Microsclerotien des Pilzes Verticillium dahliae an seneszenten, auf dem Feld gesammelten Kartoffeltrieben, wenn Ascosporen des Antagonisten in Carboxymethylcellulose oder Talkumpuder angewendet wurden. Auf die Einarbeitung eines Alginat-Weizenkleie-Praparats von T. flavus in den Boden (0,5% (w w) folgte eine mehr als 90%-ige Abnahme der V. (/a/i/iOf-Population im Boden, sowohl bei 15 C als auch bei 25 C. Die Populationsdichten von V. dahliae waren mit denjenigen von T. flavus negativ korreliert (r = -0,50; P = 0,001). Die V. dah-
Spores of the biocontrol agent Talaromyces flavus were recovered from coating material of chinese aster and tomato seeds in which they were incorporated 17 years before. The seeds had been stored at room temperature. About 20% of the ascospores had retained their heat resistance and survived treatment in aqueous suspension at 60 ~ for 30 min. None of the chinese aster seeds and 90% of the tomato seeds germinated after the storage period.Presence of T. flavus during storage had not affected germinability of the seeds.For commercialization of a biological control agent, a long shelf life is a strong point in favour [Bowers, 1982;Powell and Faull, 1989; Rodgers, 1993;Taylor and Harman, 1990]. According to Rodgers [1993], convential distribution chains for agrochemicals dictate that shelf lives of one to two years are requested for products stored under ambient conditions. Data on the shelf life of biocontrol agents applied to seeds in order to protect the seed and the young plant against seed-or soil-borne pathogens are scant. Gordon-Lennox et al. [1987] found that Pseudomonas sp. retained its viability for 120 days on sugar beet seeds that were treated with a suspension of the bacteria and that Chaetomium globosum survived for 2.5 years on seeds that were treated with ascospores in a methyl cellulose formulation. Suslow and Schroth [1982] obtained viable populations of rhizobacteria from sugar beet seeds treated with the bacteria in methyl cellulose and stored for one year. This paper presents an observation on the longevity of propagules of Talaromyces flavus (Kloecker) Stolk and Samson in the pellet material of chinese aster and tomato seeds.T. flavus is a potential antagonist for the biocontrol of a range of soil-borne plant pathogens, e.g., Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Verticillium dahliae [Adams, 1990;Fravel et al., 1986;Marois et al., 1982]. Isolate F66 was used for pelleting chinese aster and tomato seeds. It was selected out of 20 isolates obtained from heat-treated greenhouse soils (70 ~ 30 min) and was shown to inhibit growth of fungi and bacteria in vitro [Bollen and Van der Pol-Luiten, 1975].For production of ascospores, an autoclaved soil-oatmeal medium (5%
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