Five knees with congenital dislocation were explored. The cruciate ligaments were found to be absent or hypoplastic. The results obtained by reconstructing an anterior cruciate ligament appear to be good. On the basis of dissections of foetal knees we believe that the cruciate ligaments are the main structures preventing an anterior dislocation of the knee in early foetal life; this deviation from the adult pattern is due to the bony configuration of the foetal knee. We therefore postulate that the basic defect in congenital dislocation of the knee is an absence or hypoplasia of the cruciate ligaments.
Nine criteria were identified as a useful means of detecting subtle abnormalfties of duodenal position.The normal duodenojejunalfiexure was found to be readily displaceable in neonates and could be pushed to the right of the spine in over two- In the control group, barium was administered orally or via a nasogastric tube in a right lateral position.Upon initial barium accumulation in the bulb and second duodenum, the patient was rolled supine. Posteroanterior camera spot radlographs were obtained rapidly (in Downloaded from www.ajronline.org by 54.202.233.140 on 05/12/18 from IP address 54.202.233.140.
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