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In this work, an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzyme was used for ethanol oxidation in an air-breathing type microfluidic fuel cell. A bioanode was prepared using a catalytic ink prepared by using a mixture of ADH enzyme, tetrabutylammonium bromide, and Nafion and subsequently immobilized on TiO 2 nanotubes, previously synthesized by electrochemical anodization. Several techniques were used to determine the successful immobilization of the enzyme and the operational parameters of the bioanode (temperature and pH). Using scanning electrochemical microscopy, the photocatalytic activity was confirmed in the bioanode from the enhanced oxidizing current densities while preserving the enzymatic activity. Finally, the as-prepared bioanode was evaluated in a microfluidic device using a Pt/C commercial as the cathode, obtaining a good performance over an open circuit potential greater than 0.9 V.

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The growth trend of publications in the field of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) was analyzed using bibliometric techniques to the identification of the areas with significant development and the orientations that have guided the research on energy cells. This study extracted the data from Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases to compare the bibliometric indicators of the published productions. In spite of bibliometric analysis advantages to knowing about the trends in a study area, this research requires methods to support the investigation process through the selection of a relevant bibliographic portfolio. This study applied the Methodi Ordinatio that provides a new approach to achieve it. A proposed list of the articles ranked by InOrdinatio is presented to compose the final portfolio. The obtained results in the research sub-theme of the Mass Transport in Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) confirm the complexity in the study area by presenting erratic patterns of exponential growth. United States, China, and Japan are the leading countries on PEMFC publications. These countries have in common a strong spending by the business sector for R&D, and their gross domestic product is greater than 2%.