Three new compounds, cadalen-15-oic acid (1), 3,7-dihydroxy-3(4H)-isocadalen-4-one (2), and dicadalenol (3), were isolated from the aerial parts of Heterotheca inuloides (Mexican arnica), together with the known compounds 7-hydroxycadalene (4), 7-hydroxy-4alphaH-3,4-dihydrocadalene (5), 1alpha-hydroxy-1(4H)-isocadalen-4-one (6), 1alpha-hydroxy-4alphaH-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocadalen-15-oic acid (7), 7-(3,3-dimethylallyloxy)coumarin, caryolan-1,9beta-diol, and quercetin. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The antiinflammatory activities of the extracts and the isolated compounds were evaluated by determining the inhibition of TPA-induced mouse ear edema. The natural products 3, caryolan-1,9beta-diol, and quercetin were the most active substances tested and displayed dose-dependent activities.

No abstract

An experiment was completed to determine the effect of Salix babylonica (SB) extract supplementation to the diet of growing lambs. Eighteen Katahdin × Pelibuey male lambs (14 ± 2 kg live body weight) were divided randomly in individual cages into three groups and fed three diets varying in SB: a control group was fed on total mixed ration (TMR) without SB (SB0), an SB25 group was fed on TMR plus SB extract at 25 mL/lamb/day, and an SB50 group was fed on TMR plus SB extract at 50 mL/lamb/day on dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency, and in vitro gas production (GP) in lambs fed on TMR. In vitro GP of the TMR fed to lambs was recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation with 0, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8 mL extract per gram of DM. Addition of SB extract at low and high doses improved the DMI of lambs by 59.9 and 33.2 %, respectively. Relative to the control, low and high extract doses achieved greater lamb ADG during the experimental period. The asymptotic GP increased (P < 0.05) with increasing dose of SB extract without affecting the rate of GP or the initial delay before GP begins. Linear increases for in vitro GP with advancing time with different SB extract doses were observed. It is suggested that the use of S. babylonica extract with the rate of 25 mL/lamb/day is beneficial to young lamb’s performance growth and thus can be safely used as a feed additive in diets without any negative effects on animal health.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract