Antibiotic resistance has become a great global problem. Thus, it has emerged as a public health challenge. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacteria in well water was characterized with a view of determining the level of resistance in the environment. Fifty well water samples were collected from ten different points in Ula-Ubie community, Ahoda, Rivers State for a period of five months. Standard microbiological methods were used to analyse the population and types of bacteria in the water while methods recommended by the American Public Health Association (APHA) was used to determine the physicochemical parameters of the samples. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of the bacterial isolates was carried out using the disc diffusion methods. The total heterotrophic bacteria of the water samples ranged from 0.93±0.46 to 2.02±1.06 log 10 CFU/ml. The coliform counts ranged from 0.45±0.42 -2.55±2.33 log 10 CFU/ml, respectively. Despite the variations in the counts of the different bacterial population, there was no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the different well water samples. The physicochemical parameters except the pH were all within the permissible Nrior et al.; MRJI, 30(2): 1-10, 2020; Article no.MRJI.55043 2 limits. Klebsiella spp, Pseudomonas spp, Serratia spp and Enterobacter spp were identified in the well water. The pH of the water stations ranged from 4.66 to 5.80. The temperature ranged from 24.0 to 24.7. The electrical conductivity, salinity, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, alkalinity, total suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrate, chloride, calcium and magnesium ranged from 22.9 -219, 0.03-0.13, 4.50-4.90, 5.00-22.0, ˂0.01-3.00, ˂0. 01, 49.6-84.5, 1.00-17.4, 3.00-24.5, 4.25-12.9 and 0,722-1.55 respectively. The antibiotic susceptibility profile showed that all the isolates were resistant to ceftazidime and augmentin, whereas Enterobacter spp were the most resistant bacteria amongst other bacterial genera to the antibiotics. Meanwhile there is an existence of multi-drug resistance. Thus, the wells could be considered not potable due to the presence of these bacterial isolates and the level of antibiotic resistant. Proper sanitation and cleanliness of well should be encouraged. Original Research Article
The resistance of bacteria to vancomycin has made the treatment of some infections more difficult to handle. The aim of this study was to isolate and molecularly characterize vancomycin resistant bacteria in selected well water with a view of determining the level of resistance in the environment. fifty (50) well water samples were collected from ten different stations in Ula-Ubie community, Ahoada, Rivers State for a period of six months (January 2019 to June, 2019). Bacteria diversity was analysed using standard microbiological techniques. In this technique, aliquots of 10-1, 10-2 and 10-3 dilutions were seeded into prepared Nutrient agar and Brain Heart infusion agar (BHI). Microbial loads were enumerated and distinct bacterial colonies were picked and inoculated on freshly prepared nutrient agar. Purification of isolates was done by streaking on freshly prepared nutrient agar plates until isolates were void of mixed culture. The isolates were further characterized using biochemical and molecular methods and preserved in bijou bottles containing 5 ml of 10% (v/v) glycerol. Isolates from the glycerol were subcultured on fresh nutrient agar plates before each use. The vancomycin resistant bacteria were screened using the culture-based screening method. In this method, sterile nutrient medium was supplemented with different concentrations of the vancomycin antibiotics. Inoculation of bacterial isolates on the vancomycin supplemented agar followed before plates were incubated. The ensuing bacterial isolates were characterized using biochemical and molecular methods. Ninetine (19) bacteria isolates were screened for vancomycin and of this numbers, six (6) were positive for vancomycin resistance. The agar rose gel electrophoresis showed the presence of vanA and vanB gene which could be responsible for the resistance to the vancomycin observed in most isolates. The presence of vancomycin resistant genes in these isolates is of public health concern due to the transfer of resistance to other isolates. Standard hygienic practice is therefore recommended in the use of well water.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.