Henoch–Schönlein purpura or IgA vasculitis is the most common type of pediatric vasculitis that may affect adults as well. It is classified as a type of small-vessel vasculitis. It can cause cutaneous and systemic symptoms with a minority of patients developing kidney failure. Little is known about the specific pathophysiology of this disorder, except that it is believed to occur in individuals with abnormally glycosylated IgA1. Serum aberrant IgA1 may form large antigen–antibody complexes which, due to a defective clearance, are able to deposit in the small vessels of the skin, kidney, gut, and joints. A variety of factors, including infectious agents, drugs, and vaccines, have been identified as potential triggers. The majority of cases are preceded by upper respiratory tract infections, and seasonal variations suggest a link with many pathogens. The etiologic agent most frequently associated with IgA vasculitis historically have been group A β-hemolytic streptococcus and common respiratory tract viruses. However, during the current coronavirus pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 infection was identified as a main trigger factor. In addition, IgA vasculitis has been observed following COVID-19 immunization. This review provides insights into the state of the art on the relationship between viral infections, viral vaccines, and Henoch–Schönlein purpura.
31in the water of Tskaltubo, normalizing the action of oral cavity, slowing down the oral cervical inflammatory processes and eventually extinguishing them. These unique qualities have become the indicators of the treatment stimulating process and the process of preventing initial stage of periodontitis.
Thus, the index of dental plaque was reliably low in patients undergoing the treatment by aligners as compared with the patients with fixed bracket-systems. Non-removable orthodontic equipment affects marginal periodontal tissues and mouth hygienic condition more than removable one. In spite of observed considerable data spread, when comparing the initial level of antimicrobial peptide measured before the placing the bracket systems, statistically significant differences were obtained. In mixed saliva in patients of basic group the content level of alpha-defensin was higher than in the control group. 3 months after carrying bracket systems value index significantly changed: in the group with inflammatory processes the content of alpha defensin decreases in periodontal tissues whilst in comparison group it increases. The changes in basic group after three months was significant. Thus data evaluation suggests that orthopedic problems are accompanied by blood rheological changes that lead to the increase in plasma viscosity red blood cells aggregability and decrease in red blood cells deformation. That is, (blood rheology) and coagulation changes are notable while dysfunction of vascular endothelium is present. These patients might be considered as riskgroups for cardiovascular problems.
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