Field experiment was conducted in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) during 2014-16 at Varanasi, Mirzapur and Deoria districts of eastern Uttar Pradesh with a view to study the validation, economic viability and feasibility of adaptable and rational IPM technology in a farmers led approach.The IPM technology that synthesized for bitter gourd crop comprised seed treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 5g/kg of seed; need based spraying of azadirachtin (0.03%) based neem insecticide @ 10 ml/l for hadda beetle; installation of cue lure traps (MAT) for fruit flies @ 10/acre; raking of soil for exposing fruit fly pupae to sunlight and predatory fauna and removal of associated weeds, need based application of Bacillus thuringiesnsis @ 2 g/l against cucumber moth, Diaphania indica; Imidacloprid 17.8SL @ 1 ml/l of water for whitefly; systemic fungicide Cymoxanil l8 WP+Mancozeb 64 WP @ 2.5 g/l against downymildew were found very effective in reducing the incidence of pests and minimizing the yield losses. The adoption of IPM technology during the three years, apart from lowering the incidence of major pests, resulted in reducing the number of chemical sprays to 7-9 from 21-25 in non-IPM fields in a season with higher bitter gourd yields of 18, 16.5 and 18.7 tonnes/ha in IPM and 14.4, 11.8 and 15.1 tonnes/ha in non-IPM fields and with marginally higher cost benefit (C:B) ratio of 1:2.19, 1:2.58 and 1:3.01 in IPM than 1:1.70, 1:1.78 and 1:2.30, respectively in non-IPM for the three consequitive years. There was a net income increase IPM fields over farmers' practice fields. On an average, IPM farmers had an average higher net return of Rupees 2.37 lakh/ha with C:B ratio of 1:2.59 as compared to the non-IPM farmers with net return of Rupees 1.49 lakh/ha with a B:C ratio of 1:1.93.
Field experiment was conducted in onion (Allium cepa L.) during 2012-13, 2013-14 and 2014-15 at Singoha-Singohi-Rambha, Karnal, Haryana with a view to study the validation, economic viability and feasibility of adaptableand rational IPM technology in a farmers’ driven approach. The IPM technology for onion crop comprised mainlythe raising healthy nursery using raised nursery beds, mixing Trichoderma viride (c.f.u. 2 × 109) fortified in FYM (@50 g/3 sq m), need based spray of urea @ 0.2% or micronutrient mixture to manage yellowing; in main crop -givingadequate irrigation during crop season, and irrigating fields through sprinkler to wash off thrips, spray of spinosadagainst thrips in March ,i.e. bulb initiation stage at 50 DAT, need based spray of fipronil /profenophos, prophylacticspray with mancozeb and need based spray of mancozeb + carbendazim or propiconazole against Stemphylium blight and need based application of sulphur for tip burning due to sulphur deficiency was very effective in reducing the incidence of pests and minimizing the yield losses. The adoption of IPM technology, resulted in reducing the number of chemical sprays to 4-5 from 8-9 in non-IPM fields in a season with higher onion yields of 18.13, 28.62 and 16.0 tonnes/ha in IPM and 16.58, 27.50 and 14.86 tonnes/ha in non-IPM fields and with marginally higher CBR of 1:2.24, 1:4.15 and 1:1.73 in IPM than 1:2.04, 1:3.90 and 1:1.58, respectively in non-IPM. There was a net income increase of ₹5434, 12650 and 11 343 /ha in IPM fields over non-IPM.
Study of scenario and weather based prediction of severity of early blight (Alternaria solani Ell. & Mart) on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) for five Indian states, viz. Rajendranagar (Telangana), Bengaluru (Karnataka), Rahuri (Maharashtra), Raipur (Chhattisgarh) and Ludhiana (Punjab) was made using advanced statistical method of support vector regression (SVR) with its accuracy compared with conventional multiple linear regression (MLR) model. Comparisons of early blight severity for mean and maximum severity levels across seasons for each location was carried out using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Early blight mean and maximum severity levels were in order: Bengaluru (KA) > Rajendranagar (TS) > Rahuri (MH) > Raipur (CG) > Ludhiana (PB). Ludhiana (PB) had nil incidence during 2015 and not greater than 5% of either mean or maximum severity in any season. Both minimum temperature and morning relative humidity of one and two lagged weeks had negative and positive influence respectively, on mean and maximum severity of early blight at Rajendranagar (TS), Bengaluru (KA) and Rahuri (MH), which had higher blight severity over Raipur (CG) and Ludhiana (PB). MLR indicated 22–56% and 21–61% of variability with respect to mean and maximum severity of early blight due to weather factors that varied with locations. SVR predicted early blight severity nearer to actual values over MLR in terms of goodness of fit as well as Root Mean Square Error (RMSE).
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