Научно-исследовательская работа по испытанию рецептуры комбикорма-стартера для молодняка лошадей проведена в научно-производственном стационаре лаборатории селекции и разведения лошадей ЯНИИСХ «Олбуордаах» в Амгинском улусе. Комбикорм-стартер для молодняка I опытной группы состоял из 30% местного овса, 31,5% сухой пивной дробины, 7% ячменя, 14% отрубей пшеничных, 8% жмыха подсолнечного, 0,3% соли кемпендяйской, 1,5% фелуцена с биотином, Se, Mg и 0,69% премикса для лошадей «Классик» в количестве 10 г на 100 кг живой массы. Для опытной группы II рецептура отличалась включением пробиотика «Сахабактисубтил» (0,01%). При потреблении 7,58–7,64 кг сухого вещества сено-овсяного рациона молодняк лошадей до 1 года испытывает дефицит практически всех основных питательных веществ, макро-, микроэлементов и витаминов, за исключением сырой клетчатки, магния и марганца. Установлено, что животные опытных групп лучше использовали питательные вещества корма. Достоверно высокие коэффициенты переваримости отмечены у опытной группы II. Молодняк опытных групп I и II превосходил аналогов контрольной группы по переваримой энергии на 5,52 и 7,85 абс.% (136,3 ± 0,17 и 136,3± 2,14 МДж), обменной энергии — на 6,81 и 9,03 абс.% (77,8 ± 1,25 и 79,7 ± 1,19 МДж) соответственно (Р ≥ 0,95). Обменность валовой энергии у молодняка опытных групп была выше на 6,14 и 8,39 абс.%, чем у аналогов контрольной группы. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о том, что дополнительное кормление молодняка комбикормом с добавлением пробиотической культуры «Сахабактисубтил» в весенне-зимний период способствовало значительному повышению уровня продуктивного использования энергии. Применение комбикормов-стартеров в зимнем кормлении молодняка до 1 года способствовало повышению среднесуточного прироста молодняка лошадей на 7 и 9% по сравнению с контролем. Восполнение недостатка железа, кобальта и йода в рационе молодняка до 1 года при зимнем стационарном кормлении способствовало сохранению упитанности животных. The experiment took place at the laboratory of Horse Breeding of the Yakut Agricultural Research Institute “Olbuordaakh”. The aim was to test the composition of starter feeds for young horses. The forage for group I contained 30% of local oats, 31.5% of dry brewer’s grains, 7% of barley, 14% of wheat bran, 8% of sunflower cake, 0.3% of Kempendyay salt, 1.5% of “Felutsen” with biotin, Se, Mg and 0.69% of horse premixture “Klassik” (10 g per 100 kg of body weight). Group II additionally consumed probiotic “Sakhabaktisubtil” (0.01%). Feeding animals of up to 1 year-old with 7.58–7.64 kg of dry matter (DM) of hay and oats led to the deficiency in almost all essential nutrients, macro-, micronutrients and vitamins except for crude fiber, magnesium and manganese. Experimental groups showed better results of nutrient consumption. Group II had significantly better digestibility indices. Groups I and II exceeded the control group in digestible energy by 5.52 and 7.85 absolute % (136.3 ± 0.17 and 136.3 ± 2.14 MJ), exchange energy — by 6.81 and 9.03 absolute % (77.8 ± 1.25 and 79.7 ± 1.19 MJ), respectively (Р ≥ 0.95). Groups I and II had higher proportion of exchange energy — by 6.14 and 8.39 absolute %. “Sakhabaktisubtil” used in the spring-winter period improved the effectiveness of energy metabolism. Starter feeds used in winter increased daily average weight gain by 7 and 9%. Providing sufficient concentrations of Fe, Co and I effectively maintained animal weight in winter.
The article presents a brief review of scientific research on the milk productivity of mares of the Yakut breed. One of the most valuable products of horse breeding in Yakutia is the milk of Yakut mares, which is characterized by a high content of milk sugar, rich in vitamin C, which is especially important for the production of koumiss. Milk of mares of the Yakut horse breed is a valuable raw material for processing. A brief review of research has shown that the mares of Bashkir, Kazakh and Kirghiz breeds, which have been milking since ancient times, have a good milk content among the horse breeds of the herd. A Mare of the Yakut horse breed gives an average of 4 – 5 liters per day, and a maximum of 6 – 8 liters of milk. According To M. F. Gabyshev's research, the average daily milk productivity of a Mare reaches 10–12 liters. A thorough study of milk production of mares of the Yakut breed held the T. V. Amosova. She found that for 6 months of lactation, the daily milk yield of mares of the Yakut breed averaged 9.9 liters, during this time they produce from 1124 to 1942 liters, an average of 1750 liters of milk. In studies A. I. Pavlova found that the native type mares of the Yakut breed of horses milk yield is 8.8 l per day and 1592 L. 6 months of lactation and in enlarged type – 9.2 and 1666 l; from MagicScore and 13.3 2393 and l, respectively. It was found that winter milk is inferior to summer milk in terms of protein, ash, phosphorus, calcium, and vitamin C, but it is higher in sugar content and has a high acidity. As a result, we came to the conclusion that it is necessary: 1. conduct breeding work to increase the milk productivity of mares of the Yakut horse breed, 2.develop and test a recipe for starter feed for weanling foals that is similar in composition to their mothers' milk.
ßêóòñêèé íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé èíñòèòóò ñåëüñêîãî õîçÿéñòâà èì. Ì.Ã. Ñàôðîíîâà 1 ÔÃÁÎÓ ÂÎ ßêóòñêàÿ ãîñóäàðñòâåííàÿ ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííàÿ àêàäåìèÿ Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: aeåðåáûå êîáûëû, êîðìîâàÿ äîáàâêà, ïåðåâàðèìîñòü ïèòàòåëüíûõ âåùåñòâ êîðìîâ, ïîêàçàòåëè âîñïðîèçâîäñòâà êîáûë, äåëîâîé âûõîä aeåðåáÿò. Ðåçþìå. Ïðåäñòàâëåíû ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèé ýôôåêòèâíîñòè ñêàðìëèâàíèÿ êîðìîâîé äîáàâêè aeåðåáûì êîáûëàì ÿêóòñêîé ïîðîäû â çèìíèé ïåðèîä â Ðåñïóáëèêå Ñàõà (ßêóòèÿ). Íàó÷íî-õîçÿéñòâåííûé îïûò ïðîâåäåí â ÌÈÏ "Ìåðêóðèé" Àìãèíñêîãî óëóñà âî âðåìÿ ïîäêîðìêè íà ìåñòàõ òåáåíåâêè â òå÷åíèå 60 äíåé (ôåâðàëü-ìàðò) íà äâóõ êîñÿêàõ ïî 12 ãîëîâ êîáûë â êàaeäîì. Êîñÿêè ëîøàäåé ïîäáèðàëèñü ïî ïðèíöèïó àíàëîãîâ ïî óïèòàííîñòè, âîçðàñòó, aeèâîé ìàññå, ôèçèîëîãè÷åñêîìó ñîñòîÿíèþ. Êîáûëû êîíòðîëüíîãî êîñÿêà ïîëó÷àëè ïîäêîðìêó èç ðàñ÷åòà 10 ñåíà è 2 êã îâñà íà ãîëîâó â ñóòêè. Êîáûëàì îïûòíîãî êîñÿêà îâåñ çàìåíèëè êîðìîâîé äîáàâêîé. Ââåäåíèå êîðìîâîé äîáàâêè aeåðåáûì êîáûëàì îêàçàëî ïîëîaeèòåëüíîå âëèÿíèå íà ïåðåâàðèìîñòü ïèòàòåëüíûõ âåùåñòâ êîðìîâ, áèî-õèìè÷åñêèé ñòàòóñ êðîâè, ñêîððåêòèðîâàëî ìèíåðàëüíûé è àìèíîêèñëîòíûé îáìåíû. Óñòàíîâëåíû äîñòîâåðíî âûñîêèå êîýôôèöèåíòû ïåðåâàðèìîñòè ó êîáûë îïûòíîãî êîñÿêà ïî ñûðîìó ïðîòåèíó-íà 1,8 % (71,0 ±0,16 %), ïî ñûðîìó aeèðó-íà 2,9 % (63,8 ± 0,14 %) è ïî ñûðîé êëåò÷àòêå-íà 2,8 % (55,3 ± 0,69 %) (Ð ≥ 0,95). Àíàëîãè÷íàÿ êàðòèíà îòìå÷åíà ïî êîíöåíòðàöèè îáùåãî áåëêà, α è β-ãëîáóëèíîâûõ ôðàêöèé. Ïî ñîäåðaeàíèþ ìàêðîýëåìåíòîâ â ñûâîðîòêå êðîâè
The research of lipid metabolism is especially relevant for the breeds of herd horses in Yakutia, because the energy balance of their body under extreme conditions of the region in winter largely depends on the fat reserves in the body of animals and the efficiency of lipid assimilation in the body of horses, mainly from plant feed. Therefore, the study of the lipid composition of pasture feed of herd horses in Yakutia depending on the seasons of the year, their digestibility in the body of horses, the effect of the lipid composition of feed on the chemical composition of horse meat is very relevant. The purpose of the work was to investigate the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids of feed on metabolic parameters in breeds of herd horses in Yakutia and to develop the technology for obtaining a concentrate with polyunsaturated fatty acids from the internal fat of foals. The object of research were: 1) samples of pasture grasses from horsetail and horsetail-free vegetation of the pastures in the Verkhoyansky area; 2) winter-green mass of oats and afterfeed of natural grass; 3) samples of flax press-cake; 4) samples of adipose tissue of young Yakut horses aged 6 months and adult horses; 5) meat samples of meat of types of Yakut breed such as Kolymsky, Yansky and Korennoy and horses of Megezheskaya breed; 6) horses of Yakut breed in OOO “Khoroobut” in the Megino-Kangalassky area, OOO “Sartansky” in the Verkhoyansky area. It has been found by studies that the consumption of dry matter of feed during the breeding of horses on the winter-green mass of oats was 31,3 % significantly higher than during the breeding on the afterfeed of natural grass and amounted to 14,7±0,30 kg (P ≥ 0,95). Differences were also found in the content of metabolic energy in 1 kg of dry matter of consumed feed. Thus, the content of metabolic energy in the winter grazing from the winter-green mass of oats was 16,2 % higher (9,9±0,04 MJ) than in the natural herbage (8,3±0,23 MJ), the difference was statistically significant (P ≥ 0,95). The internal fat of Yakut horses can serve as a highly valuable raw material as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids for the production of functional food products.
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