Abstract. We use previously reported observations of hot flow anomalies (HFAs) and foreshock cavities to predict the characteristics of corresponding features in the dayside magnetosheath, at the magnetopause, and in the outer dayside magnetosphere. We compare these predictions with Interball 1, Magion 4, and GOES 8/GOES 9 observations of magnetopause motion on the dusk flank of the magnetosphere from 1800 UT on January 17 to 0200 UT on January 18, 1996. As the model predicts, strong (factor of 2 or more) density enhancements bound regions of depressed magnetosheath densities and/or outward magnetopause displacements. During the most prominent event, the geosynchronous spacecraft observe an interval of depressed magnetospheric magnetic field strength bounded by two enhancements. Simultaneous Wind observations indicate that the intervals of depressed magnetosheath densities and outward magnetopause displacements correspond to periods in which the east/ west (By) component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) decreases to values near zero rather than to variations in the solar wind dynamic pressure, the north/south component of the IMF, or the IMF cone angle.
Abstract. We analyze ground magnetograms and magnetic field, ion, and electron data from Interball/tail (IT) for the period 0030-0530 UT on January 11, 1997, focusing on waves at the near-tail (-•-13 RE), duskside, equatorial flank, a locale whose physical and wave properties have not been as well studied as those on the dayside. Two major interplanetary features, monitored by Wind, are relevant to this work: The very high and variable dynamic pressure and the strongly northward and generally increasing magnetic field. In this paper, we report, first, on magnetosonic waves in the magnetosheath of frequency -•0.15 Hz, probably generated by the mirror instability, which are Doppler shifted with respect to similar waves on the dayside. Second, we discuss Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) waves on the magnetopause, of wavelength -•13-14 RE and frequency -•3.6 mHz, i.e., in the Pc 5 range. At IT, these waves appear as an envelope modulation of the magnetosonics and are recorded on ground stations at dusk. We argue that the large magnetic shear across the magnetopause and a magnetosheath flow aligned almost normal to the field stabilized the magnetopause locally. Thus these waves were generated on the dayside and propagated to the flank. Third, we examine a low-latitude boundary layer (LLBL), whose tailward stretched field and average antisunward flow were perturbed quasi-periodically. This, together with the particle behavior, suggests a complex billowy structure where hot plasma sheet and cold magnetosheath populations wind around each other while drifting antisunward. A numerical calculation using IT parameters suggests that the inner edge of the LLBL was at this time KH unstable. Fourth, over the 5-hour period the power of the KH oscillations drifts to lower frequencies which we attribute to the progressive decrease in clock angle. Fifth, transients induced by dynamic pressure pulses include a 7.5-min single, free oscillation upon arrival of a fourfold pressure release. Sixth, the long-term effect on the magnetosphere of the increasing northward pointing magnetic field and the stepwise decreasing dynamic pressure is to make the shape of the cavity progressively less blunt. A conclusion of this work is that the equatorial magnetopause can be very oscillatory with various, distinct periodicities even when the interplanetary magnetic field is strongly north. The solar wind dynamic pressure, while responsible for some, cannot explain all of this wave activity.
Abstract. We advance the achievements of Interball-1 and other contemporary missions in exploration of the magnetosheath-cusp interface. Extensive discussion of published results is accompanied by presentation of new data from a case study and a comparison of those data within the broader context of three-year magnetopause (MP) crossings by Interball-1. Multi-spacecraft boundary layer studies reveal that in ∼80% of the cases the interaction of the magnetosheath (MSH) flow with the high latitude MP produces a layer containing strong nonlinear turbulence, called the turbulent boundary layer (TBL). The TBL contains wave trains with flows at approximately the Alfvén speed along field lines and "diamagnetic bubbles" with small magnetic fields inside. A comparison of the multi-point measurements obtained on 29 May 1996 with a global MHD model indicates that three types of populating processes should be operative:-large-scale (∼few R E ) anti-parallel merging at sites remote from the cusp; -medium-scale (few thousand km) local TBL-merging of fields that are anti-parallel on average;Correspondence to: S. Savin (ssavin@iki.rssi.ru) -small-scale (few hundred km) bursty reconnection of fluctuating magnetic fields, representing a continuous mechanism for MSH plasma inflow into the magnetosphere, which could dominate in quasi-steady cases.The lowest frequency (∼1-2 mHz) TBL fluctuations are traced throughout the magnetosheath from the post-bow shock region up to the inner magnetopause border. The resonance of these fluctuations with dayside flux tubes might provide an effective correlative link for the entire dayside region of the solar wind interaction with the magnetopause and cusp ionosphere. The TBL disturbances are characterized by kinked, double-sloped wave power spectra and, most probably, three-wave cascading. Both elliptical polarization and nearly Alfvénic phase velocities with characteristic dispersion indicate the kinetic Alfvénic nature of the TBL waves. The three-wave phase coupling could effectively support the self-organization of the TBL plasma by means of coherent resonant-like structures. The estimated characteristic scale of the "resonator" is of the order of the TBL dimension over the cusps. Inverse cascades of kinetic Alfvén waves are proposed for forming the larger scale "organizing" structures, which in turn synchronize all nonlinear cascades within the TBL in a self-consistent manner. This infers a qualitative differ-184 S. Savin et al.: Magnetosheath-cusp interface ence from the traditional approach, wherein the MSH/cusp interaction is regarded as a linear superposition of magnetospheric responses on the solar wind or MSH disturbances.
propagating away from the shock in the upstream region have already been shown to be in agreement with observations. A third aspect, the interaction and energy transfer between these nonlinear waves and the whistler turbulence, is studied by applying high order spectral analysis to Interball magnetic field data. Evidence for the nonlinear coupling between these two types of waves and the possible transfer of energy are presented.
Abstract. The plasma-wave experiment ASPI (analysis of spectra of plasma waves and instabilities) on board the INTERBALL spacecraft is a combined wave diagnostics experiment. It performs measurements of the DC and AC magnetic ®eld vector by¯ux-gate and searchcoil sensors, the DC and AC electric ®eld vector by Langmuir double probes and the plasma current by Langmuir split probe. Preliminary data analysis shows the low noise levels of the sensors and the compatibility of new data with the results of previous missions. During several months of in-orbit operation a rich collection of data was acquired, examples of which at the magnetopause and plasma sheet are presented in second part of the paper. Scienti®c objectivesThe INTERBALL project is orientated towards the investigation of the interaction between di erent parts of the magnetosphere in relation to changes in the solar wind and ionosphere. First INTERBALL-1 orbits passed through the solar wind, bow shock, magnetosheath and magnetopause regions. Several months later the orbit apogee shifted to the near-Earth magnetotail, so that INTERBALL-1 observed the tail lobes and the plasma sheet. These orbit parameters allow the neutral sheet region to be studied for several hours.Plasma waves and¯uctuations play a crucial role in the highly collisionless space plasma. Waves and¯uctu-ations are of particular importance at the plasma boundaries such as bow shock, magnetopause, neutral sheet, and plasma sheet boundary layer. Wave-particle, interactions in the plasma result in processes like: (1) anomalous transport (pitch-angle and spatial di usion, conductivity, viscosity); (2) energy redistribution and plasma heating; (3) generation of anisotropic distribution functions and their relaxation; (4) triggering of large-scale instabilities.The speci®c objectives of the ASPI wave and ®eld experiment on board INTERBALL-1 are:1. The study of the¯uctuation characteristics in di erent regions of the magnetosphere and the use of these data as high-time-resolution indicators of plasma phenomena. 2. The determination of the micro-scale plasma characteristics (e.g. di usion and anomalous transport coe cients, wave-wave and wave-particle coupling).
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