The development of a monitoring system based on global satellite navigation systems (GNSS) of ballast compaction quality during the construction and overhaul of railways is covered in the article. Traditional geodetic methods for determining the quality of ballast compaction are tedious. Non-geodetic methods (dynamic control systems, empirical models and geophysical methods) are not widely used on railways due to the low reliability of the ballast compaction quality, as well as the high complexity of the work. The proposed method and device of a quality control system for ballast compaction are based on the measurement of draft and residual deformations during compaction in dynamic mode. The current coordinates are determined using GNSS with dual-antenna positioning receivers performing advanced functions, including determining the relative position of the antennas in plan and height. The monitoring system developed at the Siberian State University of Railway Engineering enables real-time determining parameters which characterize the quality of compaction with high accuracy and the ability of controlling the compaction process according to the current parameters.
The automation of the lateral leveling method at constructing and repairing railways is covered in the article. The essence of this method is comparing the design distances between the axes of the repaired and the adjacent track having a given step (leveling plot) with the actual data obtained from the leveling rail and using the control system of the lifting-and-leveling device to offset the path to the design value. At the same time, the disadvantages of this method are obvious – this is copying the bumps of the adjacent track to that being at repair. Automation eliminates the disadvantages of the existing technology for setting the railway track into the design position using lateral leveling. The authors show the schematic diagram and device of the automated control system ACS-3D for setting the path into the design position, created with considering the exclusion of the "human factor" influence, a high automation degree and minimizing the cost of creating a digital project, as well as eliminating the need for mobile communications and that of high-precision measurements by global satellite navigation systems.
The paper provides information on the technical and organizational condition of the Novosibirsk Region’s construction complex, volumes of under-repairs, problems of improving and creating an intelligent transport system, the first stage of which can serve as a control center for the construction and maintenance of roads. Therein is given an approach to building a control system from an advanced position. The importance of economic and mathematical models of building production and their insufficient justification in the road industry is noted. A formalized description of the control system is given with a multi-echelon graph model developed by the authors. The paper proposed the structure of a complex of formalized descriptions, consisting of groups of system structure models and indicators that describe a system behavior, production processes, information processes, decision-making procedures. It is proposed to describe the multi-echelon structure of an organization as a graph model, wherein each echelon as local graph models representing economic, organizational and technological connections. The main purpose of this model, with the complete independence of private business, is the designing and operation of a center for construction and maintenance of infrastructure facilities of the road network. This circumstance is reflected in model formulating. Modelling of information flows at the lower levels of the control systems needs a fairly detailed description of processes. Modelling at the highest levels of management requires aggregated indicators. Therefore, models of complex systems should be oriented to indicators that operate on information of different levels of aggregation. The main advantages of the formalized description of the structure of road complex control systems are noted.
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