The timber bridge design although economical, often has difficulty producing enough rigidity so that a solution is needed to solve it. The use of CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) as a reinforcement of structural elements if properly designed and implemented can produce an effective and efficient composite structure. The experimental study aims to analyse the strength, stiffness and ductility of flexural strengthening composite bridge glued laminated timber beams-concrete plates using CFRP layers. The dimensions of the composite glued laminated timber beams 100/180 mm and concrete plate 75/300 mm with a length of 2,480 mm. The number of specimens is 3 composite glued laminated timber beams-concrete plate consisting of 1 test beam without CFRP reinforcement, 1 test beam with one layer CFRP reinforcement, and 1 test beam with three layer CFRP reinforcement. Experimental testing of flexural loads is done with two load points where each load is placed at 1/3 span length. The test results show that the strength of composite laminated timber beams glued - concrete plates BN; BL-1; BL-2 in a row 81.32; 82.82; 82.69 kN/mm; stiffness in a row 7.51; 8.22; 6.32 kN/mm and successive ductility of 16.67; 28.83; 20.21.
This research was purposed to study the composite behavior and the increased capacity of reinforced concrete beam strength under flexural loading caused by external strand strength without stressing. The specimen is divided into 2 types. Type-I specimen has (150 x 300 x 3200) mm dimension with center point loading, and distance of strand clamp as (Ubars) variable; whereas, the Type-II specimen has (200 x 300 x 3200) mm dimension with third point loading, and the number of strand as variable. The test is carried out by static-monotonic loading, and displacement control. Experimental test results shows that the addition of strand on the lower surface of the beam increase the beam’s load capacity. However, the use of U- bars affects the stability of the concrete. The tighter distance of the U-bars decrease the capacity of the strengthening occured. The increased load capacity of Type I specimens, S3-150, S5-150 and S9-150 are 33.2%, 17%, and 12.1% against control beam (BK-150), respectively. Whereas, the increased capacity of the type-II beam strength of test specimens B1-200 and B2-200 are 10% and 17% against control beam (BN-200), respectively. And the increase of initial stiffness of beam Type-I test specimen S3-150, S5-150, and S9-150 are 14%, 18% and 5% against control beam (BK-150), respectively. Meanwhile, the increase of initial stiffness of Type-II beam of test specimens B1-200 and B2-200 are 21% and 24% against control beam (BN-200), respectively. This study shows that concrete and strand bonding is not compatible. The concrete has been reaching the limit strain, as well as the steel reinforcement in the concrete has been in yielded; meanwhile, strand that has fy is much higher than fy of reinforced steel, is still in elastic condition.
Steel is the main material used as reinforcement in reinforced concrete structures. Naturally, the number of steels used rapidly increase every year. The increase has an effect on the availability of steel’s main raw materials which is iron ore, a non-renewable natural resource. Therefore, an alternative steel replacement material is needed. Bamboo is chosen as an alternative substitute for reinforcing steel in reinforced concrete structures. In this study, petung bamboo caps anchored using screw nails was used as flexible reinforcement in reinforced concrete beams. This study aimed to analyze the behavior of load and deflection relationships in the flexural capacity of bamboo reinforced concrete beams against steel reinforced concrete beams. There were 6 beams used as specimens, consisting of 2 bamboo reinforced concrete beams with 1cm long screws, 2 bamboo reinforcing beams with 2 cm long screw nails, and 2 beams with 12 mm diameter steel reinforcement as a control beam. The results showed the flexural strength of bamboo reinforced concrete beams with 1 and cm hook length was 44.32 kN and 46.98 kN or 48.64% and 51.56 compared to steel reinforced concrete beams with flexural strength values of 91.10 kN.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.