The aim of this work was to examine the effect of dietary lipid intakes on the biomarkers of red cell antioxidant status in hypercholesterolaemic children. The study population included 34 children (18 boys and 16 girls) with cholesterol levels > or =5.2 mmol/l and 16 normolipidaemic children (9 boys and 7 girls) between 6 and 12 years of age. The status of the erythrocyte antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were estimated spectrophotometrically. Dietary intake was assessed by 24-h recall and seven-day records. The hypercholesterolaemic children showed a decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes in relation to the control group. There was a negative correlation between energy intake and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) and GSH levels. Cholesterol intake was inversely correlated with CAT and GPx activity and GSH levels. The intake of polyunsaturated fat was positively correlated with the GPx activity. A decrease in the fat content of the diet for 6 months was proposed and 15 children followed the diet strictly. The activities of antioxidant enzymes in these children were significantly higher after the low-fat diet; the greatest increment was noted in the activity of GPx (91% with respect to the initial values), SOD was increased by 44% and CAT by 70%. We conclude that the intake of dietary lipids can modulate the antioxidant defence system, and an excess of energy and cholesterol has a negative influence on the antioxidant enzymes.
The clinical and biochemical response to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-HCC) and vitamin D3, 150 microgram/day for 20 days has been compared in infants aged 3--18 months with nutritional rickets. The infants were allocated at random to Group I (11 infants) treated with 25HCC and Group II (9 infants) treated with vitamin D3. In addition 15 matched control children without rickets were allocated to Group III and received 25-HCC 75 microgram/day for 20 days. Preliminary studies showed that plasma calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and urine pH all differed significantly between the rachitic and control groups. The biochemical parameters in both groups of rachitic children became normal after treatment with the exception of plasma alkaline phosphatase which remained elevated. The control group showed a significant increase in plasma and urine calcium values in spite of the low dose of 25-HCC. The findings suggest that 25-HCC is as effective as vitamin D3 in the treatment of rickets but did not demonstrate any therapeutic advantage.
Boulogne, 75016 P a r i s , F r a n c e T h e m e c h a n i s m by w h i c h the k i d n e y i s i n v o l v e d in the p a r at h y r o i d c o n t r o l o f s e r u m C a i s questionable. T o a p p r o a c h i t w e m e a s u r e d the s e r u m C a (mg/100hnl) 6 h o u r s a f t e r t o t a l n e p h r e c t o m y (NX) o r b i l a t e r a l u r e t e r a l I i g a t i o n (UX) o r s h a m -o p e r a t i o n (Sh. o) in r a t s undergoing a t the s a m e t i m e e i t h e r p a r a t h y r o i d e c t o m y ( P T X ) o r s h a m -o p e r a t i o n (Sh. 0 ) .Results. ; N X -P T X : 10.32 0.28; UX-Sh. o: 8.0*0.30; U X -P T X : 5.320.17; Sh. o -P T X : 4.830.10; Sh. o-Sh. o: 8.6k0.35. T h e s e data show 1) a f t e r t o t a l nephr e c t o m y t h e SCa r i s e s but n o t a f t e r b i l a t e r a l u r e t e r a l l i g ation; 2) t o t a l n e p h r e c t o m y p r e v e n t s the f a l l in SCa a f t e r P T X ; in c o n t r a s t u r e t e r a l l i g a t i o n does not. I n a s m u c h a s b i l a t e r a l u r e t e r a l l i g a t i o n f u l l y suppressed t h e u r i n a r y e x c r e t o r y function, w e m a y conclude t h a t 1) t h i s one i s n o t o r p o o r l y i n v o l v e d i n t h e p a r a t h y r o i d c o n t r o l o f SCa; m o r e p r o b a b l y t h i s c o n t r o l i s r e l a t e d t o endocrine o r m e t a b o l i c f u n c t i o n o f t h e kidney; 2)if t h e p r o l o n g e d h a l f -l i f e o f P T H c a n e x p l a i n w h y SCa stays n o r m a l in N X -P T X r a t s , t h e r i s e o f SCa in NX-Sh. o r a t s means t h a t t o t a l n e p h r e c t o m y r e s u l t s in a n unresponsiveness of P T H s e c r e t i o n c o n t r o l . A . F a n c o n i ( W i n t e r t h u r ) and G.Fanconi ( Z u r i c h ) i n c h i l d r e n w i t h s e v e r e m e t a p h y s e a l changes i n t h e l o n g t u b u l a r bones ( p a r t i c u l a r l y i n t h o s e w i t h e p i p h y s i o l y s i s ) as compared w i t h c h i l d r e n w i t h o u t m e t a p h y s e a l a b n o r m a l i t i e s . Serum PTH l e v e l s c o u l d a l s o be c o r r e l a t e d w i t h q u a n t i t at i v e measurements o f bone h i s t o l o g y . TEERAPEU!l!IC AHD COLATEBAL =C1!S OF 2 . 5 -E Y D E O X Y C H~C I s i s t s w i t h o u t a n y s i g n o f i m p r o v ement. Two p a t h o l o g i c a l f r a c t u r e s o c u r r e d i n t h e b o y , 3 i n t h e g i r l . They h e a l e d w i t h h a r d l y a n y c a l l u s f o r m a t i o n . The serum p h o s p h o r u s i s s l i g h t l y d ec r e a s e d i n b o t h p a t i e n t s , w h i l e serum c a l c i u m , a lk a l i n e p h o s p h a t a s e , and r e n a l f u n c t i o n s a r e n o r m a l . The b o y shows a m a r k e d h y p e r c a l c i u r i a ( 6 t o 13mg/kg/ 2 4 h . ) , w h i c h r e s p o n d s t o t r e a t m e n t w i t h o r a l s o d i u m p h o s p h a t e , b u t n o t t o h y d r o c h l o r o t h i a z i d e . I n a d d it i o n , t h e r e i s a s e v e r e m e n t a l and a m o d e r a t e g r o w t h r e t a r d a t...
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