An in ovo study on the effect of the administration of a combination of nucleosides (25, 50, and 100 mg/egg) on hatchability, growth performance, energy metabolizability, and intestinal morphology in broilers was carried out. Four hundred eighty (480) fertile eggs were divided into four groups (in four replicates each having 30 eggs). On the 18th days of incubation of the eggs, candling was carried out and the fertile eggs were selected and given one of the four in ovo administrations. Group one served as control and was injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The other groups were given in ovo administration of nucleosides (25, 50, and 100 mg/egg) at 100 μl through the yolk sac route, and chicks of respective groups were hatched out. Among the experimental groups, the hatchability was comparable; however, the hatchability was affected in the group injected with a higher level of nucleosides at 100 mg/egg. The hatched out chicks from higher doses of nucleosides (50 and 100 mg) had higher body weight (BW) (P < 0.05) than the control. Higher energy metabolizability (%) was observed in nucleoside-injected groups. Plasma protein concentration was higher in groups administered with nucleosides (50 and 100 mg). Histologically, the intestinal villi length was maximum in 100 mg-injected group followed by 50 and 25 mg. Relative expression of homeobox (Cdx) in the jejunum was significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated in all the injected groups at 3, 7, and 14 days of age. Nucleoside-administered groups had better performance, energy metabolizability, and intestinal morphology. Among the experimental groups, the administration of nucleosides at 50 mg/egg resulted in higher growth performance, plasma protein, intestinal surface, and villi development in broiler chickens.
Background: Egg production efficiency is typically measured through age and body weight at sexual maturity, egg number and egg weight during certain production periods. Increased egg weight and number of eggs are the primary purpose of the laying bird breeding programmes. Partial period analysis enhances selection process as the variations occurring throughout the bird’s productive life are identified and helps in the selection decisions. The current study aimed to study the genetic parameters such as heritability, phenotypic and genetic correlations to improve egg production performance and egg quality traits in Japanese quail reared at the Central Avian Research Institute (CARI).Methods: In present investigation, data recording was carried out from the Japanese quail population at experimental quail farm, CARI during 2019-2020. The individual mating was conducted between 180 sires and 180 dams of three varieties of Japanese quails were randomly selected from the base populations to develop first generation of experimental population. The hatched chicks were wing banded and the pedigree details recorded. For economic traits such as egg production and egg quality estimation, 40 sires and 40 dams were selected and parameters were evaluated. Result: In this present investigation, egg number from 10-16th week of age exhibited moderate to high heritable values. Egg weight was estimated moderate heritability traits. In egg quality traits, all values were moderate to high heritable values except yolk density in all the three varieties.
The quantitative genetic study involving a pure line mating of 160 pairs of three varieties of domesticated Japanese quails (CARI-Ujjawal; CARI-Suneheri and CARI-Brown) were maintained under individual pedigree cages for breeding. A total of 6221 quail chicks from three hatches comprising three varieties were used for this study. Among them, CARI-Ujjawal has higher hatchability with less rearing mortality percentage. CARI-Ujjawal had highest (plessthan0.01) body weight at all ages when compared to the other two varieties. The heritability estimates on body weight (0-5 weeks) among the varieties range from low to moderate in all the three varieties. The positive correlation was observed among all the varieties at different ages. High genetic correlations between body weights at early as well as later ages confirms that selection for body weight at early ages would improve body weight at later (maturity) ages. Amongst all, CARI-Suneheri was having better heritability values and during further generations of selections it performed also well to improve because of its better heritability. Also from above results this variety could be recommended for broiler quail breeding after field testing.
An experiment was conducted to establish the growth response, egg quality, semen quality, hematological attributes, fertility and hatchability in broiler breeders supplemented with graded levels of betaine. The broiler breeders (CARIBRO-VISHAL) of about 38 weeks divided into four treatments viz. T1 (basal diet), T2 (T1 + 1 g), T3 (T1 + 2 g) and T4 (T1 + 3 g betaine/kg) consisting of 24 female birds and 6 male birds per treatment with three replicates of 8 female and 2 male birds each in completely randomized design. Hen day egg production (HDEP) was significantly increased in betaine supplemented groups. Semen concentration was found to be significantly improved following betaine supplementation with highest increment in T4 group. Mass motility in T3 group during 4th week of experimental trial was found to be significantly increased. In female birds, a significant difference in RBC count, PCV, MCH and MCHC was observed among the treatments during 2nd week of trial. Fertility and hatchability (TES: total eggs set; FES: fertile eggs set) was increased in betaine supplemented groups with highest increment in T4 treatment group. Total embryonic mortality was lowest for T4 treatment group. Thus, it can be concluded that dietary supplementation of betaine at 3 g/kg was helpful in improving the reproductive performance in broiler breeders.
Six Sigma (6σ) is a process improvement methodology and can help in the betterment of the poultry industry. The steps are defined, measure, analyze, improve, and verify. It offers benefits like defect reduction and increased productivity. The new hypothesis is analyzed and improvements are tested and verified. Poultry is the most organized sector in animal agriculture in India, worth Euro 14,500 million. Poultry still has challenges and opportunities for improvement in productivity and quality standards. Six sigma can be applied to the poultry industry for continuous improvement and more economical benefits. The applications of 6σ to hatchery step in poultry may provide quality, uniformity, cost-effective process, minimum error, more customer satisfaction. The benefits offered are a reduction in egg damages, maintenance of egg quality, improvement in hatchability, improvement in hygiene, minimize microbial load and other inventories, improvement in capabilities and discipline of an employee, avoidance of backtracking. Six sigma applications to poultry industry need to be emphasized.
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