This mini-review focuses on the latest developments in the field of micro- and nanostructures in gas chromatography (GC). Significant progress has been made in recent years in designing miniaturized structures, for example, structures based on cyclodextrins. These are now commercially available and thus not the topic of this short review. Rather, we concentrate here on on-going research activities on nanoparticles, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and metal-organic framework (MOF) supports as well as state-of-the-art column geometries, with particular emphasis on lab-on-a-chip columns, which undoubtedly will find their way into regular GC developments in the future.