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We investigate in details the inertial dynamics of a uniform magnetization in the ferromagnetic resonance context. Analytical predictions and numerical simulations of the complete equations within the Inertial Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (ILLG) model are presented. In addition to the usual precession resonance, the inertial model gives a second resonance peak associated to the nutation dynamics provided that the damping is not too large. The analytical resolution of the equations of motion yields both the precession and nutation angular frequencies. They are function of the inertial dynamics characteristic time s, the dimensionless damping a, and the static magnetic field H. A scaling function with respect to ascH is found for the nutation angular frequency, also valid for the precession angular frequency when ascH ) 1. Beyond the direct measurement of the nutation resonance peak, we show that the inertial dynamics of the magnetization has measurable effects on both the width and the angular frequency of the precession resonance peak when varying the applied static field. These predictions could be used to experimentally identify the inertial dynamics of the magnetization proposed in the ILLG model. V C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.

Methods for the determination of mass-transfer coefficients and effective interfacial areas in packed absorption columns are reviewed. For each parameter, the methods are grouped into categories on the basis of their physical principle; the chemical systems used, experimental protocol, and the advantages and inconveniences are discussed. The treatment of end effects, the influence of packed bed height, and the recent efforts in standardization of measurement methods are also treated. The aim of the review is to give a broad overview of the methods used in literature in the last eight decades , some of which might be reconsidered in the light of modern measurement techniques and to evaluate them in relation to precision, practicality and hazardousness thereby to facilitate the search for reliable, precise, and convenient experimental practices.

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The objective of this contribution is to propose a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) formulation for optimal design of a catalytic distillation column based on a generic nonequilibrium (NEQ) model. The use of this NEQ model presents two main advantages:  (i) the computation of tray efficiencies is entirely avoided and (ii) the geometrical parameters of the column's hardware can be optimized. The minimization of the total annualized cost is submitted to three sets of constraints:  the model equations, the product specification, and the tray hydraulic equations. The solution strategy for the optimization uses a combination of simulated annealing and sequential quadratic programming. Catalytic distillation of ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) is considered as an illustrative example. The results of the optimization are discussed. Pre- and postoptimal sensitivity analysis is also performed.